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Dull to Percussion (diagnostic chest percussion)
- Associated with:
- Fluid-filled lungs 🫁
- (Pneumonia or pleural effusion)
-
Hyperresonant percussion (diagnostic chest percussion)
- Associated with:
- Pneumothorax
-
Flattened 'T' Waves (on ECG)
- Associated with:
- Hypokalemia
-
Rhonchi (coarse rales)
- Associated with:
- Mucus in large airways
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Unilateral Wheezing
- Associated with:
- Lung mass or Foreign body
-
Medium Rales
- Associated with:
- Secretions in mid-sized airways
-
Pleural friction Rub
- Associated with:
- Tuberculosis
- Lung cancer
- Pulmonary infarction
-
Fine Rales
- Associated with:
- CHF & Pulmknary Edema
-
Spiked "T" waves
- Associated with:
- Hyperkalemia
-
Drooping eyelids, Double vision, Dysphagia
- Associated with:
- Myasthenia Gravis
-
Angry, irritable, combative
- Associated with:
- Electrolyte imbalance
-
-
-
General Malaise
- Associated with:
- Electrolyte imbalance
-
Stuporous Confused
- Associated with:
- Drug overdose
-
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Pink, frothy secretions
- Asaociated with:
- Pulmonary Edema
-
-
Purulent sputum
- Associated with:
- Chronic bronchitis
-
Cold, clammy skin
- Associated with:
- Myocardial Infarction
-
3-layer sputum
- Associated with:
- Bronchiectasis
-
Sudden onset of SOB
- Associated with:
- Pulmonary embolism
-
Weakness in Legs (lower extremities)
- Associated with:
- Gullain-Barré Syndrome
-
Sudden onset of Tachypnea
- Asaociated with:
- Pneumothorax
-
Inverted 'T' waves
- Associated with:
- Myocardial Ischemia
-
Night sweats
- Associated with:
- Tuberculosis
-
"Marked" "Severe"
- Associated with:
- Life-threatening Emergent condition
-
Ashen or Pallor
- Associated with:
- Anemia
- Acute blood loss
-
Lethargic, sleepy somnolent
- Associated with:
- CO2 overdose
-
Increased A-P diameter
- Associated with:
- COPD (chronic air-trapping)
-
Diaphoresis
- Associated with:
- CHF
- Heart failure
-
Kussmaul's Breathing
- Associated with:
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Diabetes, renal failure
-
Mucoid sputum
- Associated with:
- Chronic bronchitis
-
Sub-sternal Retractions
- Associated with:
- Infant Respiratory Distress
-
Pronounced "Q" Waves
- Associated with:
- Previous Myocardial Infarction
-
-
Elevated "S-T" segment
- Associated with:
- Current Myocardial Infarction
-
Hypernatremia
- Associated with:
- Dehydration
-
Accessory muscle hypertrophy
-
Bronchogram
- Associated with:
- Bronchiectasis
-
Elevated eosinophil count
-
Sleep study results:
Chest movement without nasal flow
- Associated with:
- Obstructive sleep apnea
-
Sleep study results:
No chest movement without nasal flow
- Associated with:
- Central sleep apnea
-
Pulmonary function results:
Decrease Volumes
- Associated with:
- Restrictive pulmonary impairment
-
Pulmonary function results:
Decreased Flows
FEV1/FVC%
FEV1, FEF25-75
FEF200-1200
- Associated with:
- Obstructive pulmonary impairment
-
Pulmonary function results:
Decrease Flows
FEV1/FVC%
FEV1, FEF25-75
FEF200-1200
Obstructive pulmonary impairment
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Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
PVR = [(mPAP - PCWP)/C.O.] × 80
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Systemic Vascular Resistance
SVR = [(MAP - CVP)/C.O.] × 80
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Cardiac Output
Qt = (VO2) / C(a-v)O2 × 10
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Pulse pressure
Pulse px = Systolic - Diastolic
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Alveolar Oxygen Tension (PAO2)
PAO2 = [(PB - PH2O) × FIO2] - (PaCO2/0.8)
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Cardiac Index C.I.
C.I. = C.O. / BSA (M²)
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Alveolar-arterial Oxygen gradient (A-aDO2)
A-aDO2 = PAO2 - PaO2
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Arrerial Oxygen Content (CaO2)
CaO2 = (Hb × 1.34 × SaO2) + (PaO2 × 0.003)
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VO2 (oxygen consumption)
VO2 = QT × C(a-v)O2 × 10
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Venous Oxygen content (CVO2)
CVO2 = (Hb × 1.34 × SVO2) - (PvO2 × 0.003)
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Shunt Equation Qs/Qt
Qs/Qt = (A-aDO2 × 0.003) / [(A-aDO2) × 0.003] + C(a-v)O2
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Arrerial-Venous Oxygen content C(a-v)O2
C(a-v)O2 = CaO2 - CvO2
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Deadspace ratio Vd/Vt
Vd/Vt = (PaCO2 - PECO2 × 10) / PaCO2
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PaO2/FIO2 (P/F ratio)
P/F ratio = PaO2 / FIO2
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Max Suction Catheter Size
Max suctuon Catheter size = (ETT ID × 3) / 2
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Alveolar Venrilation (VA)
- VA = (VT - VD) × RR
- est VD = 1 cc/lb of IBW
-
Dynamic Compliance
Dynamic compliance = exhaled VT / (Peak Px - PEEP)
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Static Compliance
Static compliance = exhaled VT / (Plateau Px - PEEP)
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Predicted body weight (PBW)
- Male PBW = 50 + (2.3 × (height - 60))
- Female PBW = 45.5 + (2.3 × (height - 60))
- [Height in inches]
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