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What is d dimer?
- D-dimer is a protein (fibrin degradtion product) present after blood clot degraded by fibrinolysis
- Help to diagnose thrombosis/emblolus/clot
- Ex: PE, DVT
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Medications that can cause heart block
- Beta blocker - propanolol
- Cardioselective CCB - diltiazem, verapamil
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Mx of hyperkalemia
10ml of IV 10% Calcium gluconate over 10 mins
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What is cushing's triad and its component
- It indicates raised ICP
- 1) Increased systolic BP
- 2) Decreased HR
- 3) Decreased RR
Complete opposite with shock
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Possible causes of post-op fever?
Mnemonic - 5 W's
- Wind (D1-2) - atelactasis, pneumonia
- Water (D3-5) - UTI
- Wound (D5-7) - SSI
- Walking (D5+) - DVT, PE
- Wonder drugs (any) - drug fever, transfusion
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Difference between jugular vein and carotid artery
- POLICE
- Palpation - non-palpable, better seen
Occlusion - occludable
Location - b/w heads of SCM; lateral to carotid, superficial
Inspiration - drops w inspiration; CA no effect
Contour - biphasic waveform; CA single upstroke
Erect/Position - drops when sit erect; CA ni effect
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Bone mets primary organs
- Mnemonic : Painful Bone Kills The Lung
- Prostate
- Bone
- Kidney
- Thyroid
- Lungs
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Genes a/w BRCA-1
- Mnemonic - OCP
- Ovarian Ca
- Colorectal Ca
- Prostate Ca
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LFT components and difference b/w ALT/AST & ALP
- 1) Enzymes - AST/ALT, ALP, GGT
- AST/ALT (aminotransferase) - hepatocellular damage, less specific
ALP (alkaline phosphatase) & GGT - hepatobiliary obstruction, more specific
- 2) Bilirubin (mg/dL) - total, direct, indirect
- - direct (conjugated, water soluble)
- - indirect (unconjugated, water insoluble)
- 3) Protein - total, serum
- - Albumin
- - Globulin, serum
- - Albumin/Globulin ratio, serum
- - Protein, total
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How to measure pulse pressure
- SBP - DBP
- Normal range: 40-60 mmHg
- Increased when age > 50 d/t stiffening of vessel
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