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Whether or not elements will join together depends on what?
It depends on the outer shell electrons.
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List the properties of a compund.
- 1. Composed of 2 or more different elements.
- 2. That are chemically combined.
- 3. And so, cannot be seperated physically.
- 4. The elements in compounds are found in fixed prperties.
- 5. Compuonds have different chemical and physical properties than the elements of which they're composed of.
- 6. They are represented with a chemical formula that indicates the lements and their proportions of C6 - H12 and O6
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If the outer shell of an element is full, what is it then called?
And invert or Nobel gases.
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Define atom.
The smallest unit of and element that maintains the chemical properties of that element.
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A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is located in the nucleaus of another.
- is neutral.
neutron
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Compound
are made up of atoms of two or more elements in fixed proportions.
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A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
Covalent bond
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Ion
??
and atom, ratical, or molecule that has gained or lost 1 or more electrons that has a negative or positive charge.
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If the atomic number of and atom is 46, what is the number of protons in a carbon atom?
46
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One of the kinds of particales found in the nucleus of an atom is the...
proton
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Which element is most likely to form and ionic bond...?
Oxygen
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An example of a compound is,
water
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Identify number of atoms each element has in these compounds: C6H12O6
- C: 6 atoms
- H: 12 atoms
- o: 6 atoms
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If you subtract the protons minus electrons, what do you find?
The number of neutrons.
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Nucleus
makes up the bulk of the mass of the atom and consists of two kinds of subatomic particles, a proton and a neutron.
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Proton
positively charged
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Atomic number
is the number of protons in an atom
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Mass number
is equal to the total number of protons and neutrons of an atom.
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Electrons
negatively chargerd particals; are there to help balance the amount of protons.
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Isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have a different amount/number of neutrons.
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Chemical bonds
are the attractive forces that hold atoms together.
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Covalent bond
- forms when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
- In other words, a single bond.
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Molecule
is the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of that substance and can exist in a free state.
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Ion
a atom or molecle with an electrical charge.
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Ionic bond
Is when both a positive and negative eletrical charges attract each other, to create a new compound.
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What is the relationship between elements and atoms?
They are both extremely hard to break down into other things.
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What is matter?
anything that occupies space
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Energy
- the ability to do work.
- Like c-tay $
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Chemical reaction
is one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances.
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Reactants
a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction.
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Products
a substances that forms in a cemical reation.
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Metabolism
is the term used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in an organism.
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Activation energy
the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.
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Catalysts
REDUCES the amount of activation energy that is needed for a reaction to take place.
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Enzyme
is a protein or RNA molecule that SPEEDS UP metabolic reactions without being permanetly changed of destroyed.
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Redox reations
a reaction in which electrons are transferred between atoms are known as oxidation reduction reactions.
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Oxidation reaction
a reactant that LOSES one or more ELECTRONS thus becoming more positive in charge.
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Reduction reaction
a reactant GAINS or more ELECTRONS thus becoming more negatively charged.
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Name and describe the physical properties of the three states of matter.
- Gases- the molecules have more freedom to move around, and move at an extreme speed.
- Solids- move at a much slower speed than both gases and liquids; maintain a fixed volume and shape.
- Liquids- maintains a fixed volume, but he molecules move more freely than those of a solid.
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Describe the effect of an enzyme on the activation energy in a chemical reaction.
It would cause the reaction to speed up.
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What do enzymes and catalyst do in living things?
Since enzymes speed up reactions and catalyst reduce the reactions, it helps maintain a healthy body.
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Why does a reduction reaction always accompany an oxidation readtion?
It accompanies the oxidation reaction because in an oxidation reaction, a reactant loses electrons (negative) becoming more positive, therefore the reduction reaction occurs in order to stabalize the reactants.
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Polar
Is when the total charge is neutral, but is unevenly distributed.
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Hydrogen bond
is the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge.
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Cohesion
an attractibe forve that holds molecules of a singke substance together.
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Adhesion
is the attractive forece between two particals of different substances; such as wate and gas.
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Capillarity
is the attraction between molecules that result in the rise of the surface of a liquid when in contact with a solid.
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Solution
is a mixture in which one or more substances are uniformly distributed in another substance.
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Solute
is a substance dissolved in the solvent.
EX: sugar added with water; the solution 'sugar water' is created, and can be easily reversed.
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Solvent
is the substance in which the solute is dissolved.
EX: water; even though the solute has been dissolved into the water, the solvent can be boiled away, leaving the solute behind.
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Concentration
(part of a solution) is the aount of solute dissolved in a fived amount of the solution.
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Saturated solution
is one in which no more solute can be dissolved.
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Aqueous solutions
a solutions in which water is the solvent- are universally important to living things.
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Hydroxide ion
the OH- ion
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Hydronium ion
an ion concisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water; H3O
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Base
a solution that contians more hydroxide ions than hydromnium ions.
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pH scale
a scale created for comparing the relative concentrations of hydromium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution; a scale that represets the acidity in a solution.
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Acid
the number of hydronium ions is GREATER than the number of hydroxide ions.
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Buffers
are chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution; substances that neutralize acids and bases.
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