IMMUNITY microbio

It is the ability to ward off disease

General defensive mechanisms effective wide range of pathogens (disease producing microbes)

Ability to fight specific pathogen

Two types of resistance

Two types of specific resistance

Wide variety of body responses against wide range pathogens (disease producing organisms) and toxins

Other term for nonspecific resistance

Resistance or defenses present at birth

Skin and mucous membrane belongs to what line of defense

Intact epidermis layer of skin
Mucous membranes
Lacrimal apparatus
Saliva, Mucus, Flow of urine

Defecation and vomiting that expels microbes

Protection localized in skin secretions, loose connective tissue, acidic stomach, acidic vagina and lysozyme

Keratinized skin and shedding helps remove microbes

Cilia and mucus trap and move microbes toward throat

Washing action of tears, urine and saliva is what protection

Second line of defenses is called

Internal defenses are what kind of line of defense

Involving internal antimicrobial proteins, phagocytic, natural killer cells, inflammation and fever

Attempts to limit spread of pathogens witjin body and pthe properties are

Internal defenses are

Discourages microbial growth and is found in plasma

3 important microbial proteins

Body cells infected with VIRUSES produce what proteins

The process of interferon

Enhances the activity of phagocytes and NK cells, inhibits cell growth and supress tumor formation

Group of 20 proteins present in bood plasma and on cell membrane

Complement proteins does what

Complement proteins...

Decreases the amount of iron in blood

Type of lymphocyte that attacks the infected cells

Natural killer cells belong to what type of immune system

What do NK cells target and kills

This looks for absence of normal cell markings

NK cells activate when it binds to these target cells

NK cells inhibiting receptors are when they encounter

Nk cells kill microbes and tumor cells if..

Neutrophils and Macrophages are

Where do macrophage develop to

Ingesting microbes is done by

Macrophages that stands guard in specific tissues are

Examples of fixed macrophage

Performs ingesting or divulging viruses

What are the 4 phases of phagocytosis

What is formed after phagocytosis has been accomplished?

Lysosome in phagolysosome along with lethal oxidants produced by phagocyte does what

Why do both innate and adaptive immunity release cytokines

Attraction to chemicals from damaged tissues, complement proteins and microbial products

Attachment to plasma membrane of phagocyte

Engulfing of pseudopods to form phagosome

Merging with lysosome containing digestive enzymes forming oxidants exocytosis residual body

Occurs as a response to tissue damage

Natural response of body to contain tissue damage and prevent spread

What are the signs of inflammation

Inflammation functions as

Stages of inflammation

Neutrophils are also known as

Largest amount of WBC and first in line at site of injury

What are the processes of phagocytosis

Dead phagocytes, damaged cells and fluid

Accumulation of pus in space not open outside

Open sore

High body temp due to hypothalamic thermostat is reset

What happens when fever occurs during infection and inflamm

Benefits of fever

Core body tempreature assumes your

Process of acheiving ypur hypothalamic thermostat and trying to reach new core temp

Importance of fever

Immunity is also known as

Ability of body to defend itself against invaders

Specificity means

2nd encounter produces even more vigprous response

Substance recognized as foreign by immune response

Both T and B cells derive fron

B cells found in

T cells do what after pre T cell

Acquiring distincitive surface proteins let it functions as

What do cell mediated response do

T cells are associated with

B cells are associated with what

Types of immune response

Refers to destruction of antigens by cytotoxic T

Is against antigens dissolved in body fluids and extracellular pathogens

Effective agaibst intracellular pathogens

Refers to destruction of antigen ny antibodies

What are the required characs to be an antigen

Ability to provoke immune response

Ability to react to cells or antibodies it caused to be formed

Smaller substance that cant trigger immune respjnse

Cells having unique surface markers that are integral membrane proteins

Built into cell membrane of all nucleated cells

Function of MHC1

MHC CLASS 2 antigens are

MHC class 2 antigens functions as

This cell can bind to antigen in extracellular fluid

This cell can only recognize fragments of antigens that have been processed and presentef as MHC molecule

Sees antigens if part of MHC 2 mollecules in APC

Sees antigens if MHC1 molecules on surface of body cells

Displays CD4 on surface as T4 or TH cells

Helper T cel functions as

Autocrine function of Helper T cells does what

Displays CD8 on surface aka T8 or Tc or killer T

T cells that didnt turn into cytotoxic T cells are what

Cytotoxic T cells secrete what to microbial antigen to trigger apoptosis

When Cytotoxic T binds, it secretes what and what happen

Your T cells are under what type of immunity

B cells and antibodies are under what type of immunity

What happens when B cells are activated

A protein that can combine with antigenic determinant on antigen triggering its production

Glycoproteins aka

Describe IgG

Describe IgM

Describe IgA

Describe IgD

Describe IgE

Conplement system consists of a complement cascade causing

First exposure to antigen response is steady and slow

Response with 2nd exposure

Acquired immunity has two classifications

Naturally active acquired immunity does what

Naturally passive acquired does what

Artificially active acquired does what

Artificially passive acquired does what