Musculoskeletal System

coorked or stiff

joint

arm

neck

cartilage (gristle)

rib

skull

digit (finger or toe)

fascia (a band)

femur

fiber

humped-back

smooth

bent

loin (lower back)

muscle

bone marrow or spinal cord

bone

knee cap

pelvis (basin) or hip bone

radius

rod-shaped or striated (skeletal)

flesh

twisted

vertebra

sternum (breastbone)

tendon (to stretch)

chest

tone or tension

ulna

bones ofthe shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

bones of the skull, vertebral colum, chest and hyoid bone (u-shaped bone at the base of the tongue)

specialized connective tissue composed of osteocytes (bone cells); forms the skeleton

tightly solid bone tissue that forms the exterior of bones

mesh-like bone tissue foudn in the interior of bones, and surrounding the medullary cavity

bones of the arms and legs

bones of the wrist and ankles

bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, pelvis and skull

bones of the vertebrae and face

round bones found near joints ex. the patella

wide ends of a long bone

shaft of a long bone

growth zone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis during development of a long bone

membrane lining the medullary cavity of a bone

cavity within the shaft of the long bones ;filled with bone marrow

soft connective tissue within the medullary cavity of bones

functions to form red blood cells, some white blood cells, and platelets; found in the cavities of most bones in infants and in the flat bones in adults

gradually replaces red bone marrow in adult bones; functions as storage for fat tissue and is inactive in the formation fo blood cells

a fibrous, vascular membrane that covers the bone

a gristle-like substance on bones where they articulate

a joint; the point where two bones come together

a fibrous sac between certain tendons and bones that is lined with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid

a flat, plate-like structure composed of fibrocartilaginous tissue between vertebrae that reduces friction

the soft, fibrocartilaginous, central portion of intervertebral disk

a flexible band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone

membrane lining the capsule of a joint

joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane

tissue composed of fibers that can contract, causing movements of an organ or part of the body

voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton

involuntary muscle found in internal organs

muscle of the heart

muscle end attached to the bone that does not move when the muscle contracts

muscle end attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts

a band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone

a band or sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

person is standing upright, facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightlly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.

reference plances for indicating the location or direction of body parts

vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

front of the body

back of the body

from front to back, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam

from back to front, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray beam

situated above another structure, toward the head

situated below another structure, away from the head

toward the beginning or origin of a structure

away from the beginning or origin of a structure

toward the middle

toward the side

the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part

normal standing position

lying down

lying face down and flat

lying down

horizontal recumbent lying flat on the back

bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased

straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased

movement away from the body

movement toward the body

circular movement around the axis

turning outward

turning inward

turning of the palmar surface (palm of hand) or plantar surface (sole of foot) upward or forward

turning of the palmar surface or plantar surface downward or backward

bending of the foot or the toes upward

bendinf of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground

total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements. measured in degrees

intrument used to measure joint angles

joint pain

shrinking of muscle size

grating sound sometimes made by the movement of a joint or broken bones

a projection arising from a bone that develops from cartilage

flabby, relaxed, or having defective or absent muscle tone

increase in the size of tissue, such as muscle

reduced muscle tone or tension

muscle pain

stiffness; stiff muscle

uncontrolled contractions of skeletal muscles, causing stiff and awkward movements

tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction

shaking; rhythmic muscular movement

stiff joint condition

infl. of the joints characterized by pain, swelling, redness, warmth, and limitation of motion.

most common form of arthritis, especially affecting the weight-bearing joints, characterized by the erosion of articular cartilage

most crippling form of arthritis; characterized by chronic, systemic inflammation, most often affecting joints and synovial membranes and causing ankylosis and deformity

acute attacks of arthritis, usually in a single joints caused by hyperuricemia

bone tissue that has died from loss of blood suppy, such as can occur after a fracture

swelling of the joint at the base of the great toe caused by inflammation of the bursa

inflammation of a bursa

softening of cartilage

inflammation of the epiphyseal regions of the long bone

broken or cracked bone

broken bone with no open wound

compound fracture; broken bone with an open wound

nondisplaced fracture with one fracture line that does not require extensive treatment to repair.

displaced fracture that requires manipulation or surgery to repair

the line of the break in a broken bone

broken in many small pieces

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

protrusion of a degenerated or fragmented intervertebral disk so that the nucleus pulposus protrudes, causing compression on the nerve root

bone marrow tumor

inflammation of muscle

muscle tumor

smooth muscle tumor

malignant smooth muscle tumor

skeletal muscle tumor

malignant skeletal muscle tumor

a category of genetically transmitted diseases characterized by progressive atrophy of skeletal muscles; duchenne type is most commom

bone tumor

type of malignant bone tumor

disease marked by softening of the bone caused by the calcium and vitamin D deficiency

osteomalacia in children; causes bone deformity

infection of bone marrow, causing inflammation

condition of decreased bone density and increased porosity, causing bones to become brittle and to fracture more easily

curvatures of the spine (backbone) or spinal column

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine (humped-back condition)

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition)

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

forward slipping of lumbar vertebra

stiff, immobile condition of vertebrae caused by joint degeneration

injury to a ligament caused by joint trauma but w/out joint dislocation or fracture

partial dislocation

inflammation of a tendon

a neurodiagnostic, graphic record of the electrical activity of muscle both at rest and during contraction; used to diagnose neuromusculoskeletal disorders; usually performed by a neurologist

a nonionizing (no x-ray) imaging technique using magnetic fields and radiofrequency waves to visualize anatomic structures; useful in orthopedic studies to detect joint, tendon, and vertebral disk disorders

a nuclear scan of bone tissue to detect a tumor; malignancy, etc

an imaging modality using x-rays; commonly used in orthopedics to visualize the extremities, ribs, back, shoulders, and joints

a radiograph of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium

a specialized x-ray procedure producing a series of crosssectional images that are processed by a computer into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image

ultrasound imaging; a nonionizing technique that is useful in orthopedics to visualize muscles, ligaments, displacements, and dislocations or to guide the therapeutic intervention, such as that perfomed during arthroscopy

partial or complete removal of a limb(AKA-above knee amputation, BKA-below knee amputation)

puncture of aspriation of a joint

binding or fusing of joint surfaces

repair or reconstruciton of a joint

procedure using an arthroscope to examine, diagnose, and repair a joint from within

transplantation of a piece of bone from one site to another to repair a skeletal defect

removal of a bursa

repair of muscle

internal surgical repair of a fracture by bringing bones back into alignment and fixing them in place with devices such as plates, screws, and pins

reapair of a bone

incision into bone

spinal fusion

division of a tendon by incision to repair a deformity caused by shortening of a muscle

an artificial replacement for a missing body part or a device used to improve a body function, such as an artificial limb, hip or joint

a drug that relieves pain

a potent analgesic with addictive properties

a drug that reduces inflammation

a drug that relieves fever

a group of drugs with analgesic, antiinflammatory, and antipyretic properties commonly used to treat arthritis

anterior

above knee amputation

below knee amputation

anterior posterior

computed axial tomography

computed tomography

degenerative joint disease

electromyogram

fracture

magnetic resonance imaging

nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug

osteoarthritis

open reduction, internal fixation

posterior

posterior anterior

physical therapy

rheumatoid arthritis

range of motion

traction