Microbiology Lab Final

Acid stain repelled by the cell's surface

Active Cultures

Aerobic Respiration

Agar is a solid media used in both slants and plants
True False

Agar Plate

Agar plates should be labeled on the..

Agent artificially synthesized or manipulated from other products

Agent naturally produced microorganisms

Agent that kills bacteria upon exposure

Agent that slows the growth of bacteria

Alkaliphile

All aerobic microbes lack the enzyme catalase
True False

All equipment and work surfaces should be cleaned with a bleach solution after contacting microbe cultures
True False

Although oxygen is required for metabolism in many microbes, it is toxic to other species
True False

All vaccines contain killed microorganisms
True False

Anaerobic metabolism that produces acetoin

Anaerobic metabolism that produces acids, alcohol, and gases

An antibiotic is a synthetic drug produced in a laboratory
True False

Approximately 3000 individuals in the USA die from foodborne illness each year
True False

______ are asexually produced spores of the penicillium fungus

______ are bead like chains of spherical cells

_____ are metabolites of aerobic respiration that can damage cell structures

_____ are microbes that require a high salt concentration for growth

______ are responsible for the indirect transmission of disease

_____ are rod-shaped bacteria 0.5 - 20 um in length

_____ are used to maintain safe in packaged and prepared foods

Aseptic technique includes:

Aseptic techniques are designed to prevent the spread of microorganisms beyond the intended working environment
True False

Aseptic techniques are necessary to:

Asexual reproduction resulting in two daughter cells

Bacteriocidal agents kill bacteria by:

Bacteriostatic antibiotics cause an inhibition of growth rather than cell lysis and death
True False

Barritt's Reagents

Binary fission is a method of sexual reproduction where a single cell (parent cell) will split into four cells (daughter cells)
True False

Binds with bacterial ribosomes to prevent cell growth and cell division

Biochemical tests are designed to identify _____ properties of microbes

Biochemical tests provide more generalized information than do morphological observations
True False

Broth

A _____ broth after incubation is a positive result when testing for pH and salt tolerance of microbes

Butanediol fermentation

Butanediol fermentation produces _____ acids compared to mixed acid fermentation

Butanediol fermentation produces weaker acids than mixed-acid fermentation
True False

Calculated by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens with the objective lens

The caps and lids of media containers should be placed on countertops when working with cultures
True False

Catalase neutralizes the harmful effects of

C. botulinum infections are associated with poor food handling and processing procedures
True False

The charge of ____ determines how dyes interact with bacterial cells during staining

Cloudiness of a fluid caused by large numbers of particles/organisms

Colder temperatures reduce the reproductive rates of most microbes
True False

Colony forming unit

A compound microscope is a type of optical microscope
True False

Contagious disease

Controlling the spread of contagion within the home requires the identification of potential fomites
True False

Cooking meat to an internal temperature of 160 degrees F kills most microorganisms
True False

Cultures should be soaked in bleach for ____ before disposal

The depth of field is independent of the total magnification factor
True False

Depth of field refers to the distance range that is in focus at a given time
True False

Describes individual colonies on a plate's surface

The diagram below illustrates resistance to drug ____ 
(nothing around A, little around B, large around C)

Differential staining uses two or more dyes to stain structural components of a cell
True False

Disease

Disrupts cell wall stability, eventually leading to cell lysis

Distance range that is in focus at a given time

A dye that stains only the cell leaving the background colorless

The effective zone of inhibition is the same for all antibiotics
True False

Enzyme that mediates the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide

Escherichia coli resides in the ____ of healthy individuals

____ exist only as single cell and do not form clusters of chains

Exposure to bright light can inhibit microbial growth
True False

Eye piece that is typically 10x or 15x magnification

Fermentation occurs when carbohydrates are broken down aerobically
True False

Fermentation occurs when carbohydrates are metabolized anaerobically
True False

The field of view ____ as magnification increases

Fomite

Food may become contaminated by coming into contact with microbes in the ____

Fresh foods are generally grown in sterile environments
True False

Gentamicin binds with bacterial ____

Gentamicin is synthesized by a ____

Googles, gloves, and a face mask should be worn whenever working with active cultures
True False

Gram-positive bacteria have an outer cell membrane containing endotoxins
True False

Gram-positive cells have a thick outer cell wall composed of peptidoglycan
True False

Halotolerant

Hand shake

Heat fixing is required for the negative staining process
True False

Held by the turret closest to the stage and range in power from 4x - 100x magnification

Hypertonic

Identifies metabolic properties of microbes

If the 1:100 plate contained 50 colonies, the 1:1000 plate contained 200 colonies, and the 1:10000 dilution plate contained 1000 colonies, which plate would you use to determine the original culture concentrations?

The image below is a photograph of gram-negative bacteria (dark pink lines)
True False

In binary fission, bacterial cells grow ____

Incubation

Incubation temperatures should remain between ____ C for cultures to develop within 1 to 3 days

Individuals with compromised immune systems should consult their physician before working with cultures
True False

Infectious disease

Infectious diseases are caused by microscopic agents called pathogens
True False

Inoculation loop

The inoculation loop must be sterilized ____ when creating a streak plate

Intoxication

The _____ are biochemical tests used to determine the identity of an unknown microbe

____ are causes of foodborne illness

____ are common, harmless microbes used in laboratory studies

____ is added to nutrient broth to adjust it to pH 9

____ are factors that limit the distribution of microbes

____ are a genus that produces antibiotics

A ____ is a microscopic agent that causes disease

____ is an example of a direct stain

A _____ is an example of a fomite

A ____ is an example of an appropriate incubation site for culturing microbes

A ____ is a non-moving object responsible for the indirect transmission of disease

____ is a pathogenic bacteria associated with foodborne illnesses

____ is a positive result for catalase testing

____ is a rod-shaped bacteria important to the study of genetics and evolution

____ is a solid gel used to grow microbes in the laboratory

A ____ is a substance that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies

____ is the transfer of bacteria from one food item to another

Kiss

Listeria

Low incubation temperatures decrease the amount of time required for microbial growth
True False

Low pH

Main component of an optical microscope that is used to focus an image at high power of magnification is the ____

Many microbiology lessons require

The measure of the light intensity absorbed by a sample

Mesh-like polymer present in bacteria cell walls

Metabolic process resulting in oxygen and peroxide by-products

The methyl red and voges proskauer tests are typically performed together to differentiate bacteria within the family Enterobacteriaceae
True False

The methyl red detects a microbe's ability to ____

Methyl red is a pH indicator that turns red in ____ conditions

Microbe numbers in milk ____ the longer it is stored in the refrigerator

A microbe produced positive methyl red results and negative voges proskauer results. What may be concluded about this microbe's metabolism?

Microbes are found in glaciers
True False

Microbes are only found growing at temperatures between 0 and 100 C
True False

Microbes do not thrive in extreme environments such as hydrothermal vents and alkali pools
True False

A microbe that only produces turbid broths in pH tests at pH 7 is considered a ____

A microbe that produces clear broths when tested at 7% and 15% NaCl is considered a halophile
True False

Microbiology lessons often require incubation periods and active cultures
True False

Mixed acid fermentation

Mixed acid fermentation produces

The mold that Alexander Fleming observed preventing bacterial growth was

Morphology can be used to identify microorganisms with or without the use of a microscope
True False

Most causes of foodborne illnesses are diagnosed and reported
True False

Most microbes associated with food are harmful to humans
True False

Most microbes prefer to grow in environments that are pH neutral and isotonic
True False

Most microbiology lessons require an average time of ____ to complete

Most microbiology lessons can be completed in 1 - 2 hours
True False

MRVP broth contains nutrients and buffers
True False

MRVP broth is used to culture microbes for the ____ test

Neutrophile

Negative staining results in a colorless cell on a stained background
True False

Normal flora

Normal flora are found

Normal flora are pathogens typically found in or on the human body
True False

Normal flora frequently cause disease to healthy individuals
True False

Novobiocin is a bacteriostatic narrow-spectrum antibiotic
True False

Novobiocin prevents the function of ____ in a cell

The number of individuals doubles each generation

The oil immersion lens provides optimal viewing of large specimens
True False

1 in 6 Americans become ill from foodborne pathogens every year
True False

One should always ____ before working with microbes

Open tubes and vials should be opened tilted away from the mouth and nose
True False

____ optimally grow at a pH between 8.0 and 11.5

Order the steps for performing a dilution series

Order the steps of gram staining into the proper sequence

Pasteurization

Pasteurization reduces microbial numbers by rapidly heating and cooling a liquid
True False

Penicillin is produced by a ____

Penicillin works by

Performing a 1:8 dilution from the original sample 3 times would produce a dilution of

Peroxide

Plate ____ in the photo should be used for a viable plate count

Plate pouring

Plates should be incubated agar side down
True False

Plates with ____ colonies per plate are used to calculate CFUs

A positive voges proskauer test appears as

The products of mixed acid fermentation ____ the pH of buffered media

A pure plated culture should exhibit colony forming units with two or more morphologies
True False

Red-stained media is a ____ result for the methyl red test

Resistant bacteria will exhibit ____ during a kirby-bauer diffusion test

Rod shaped bacteria linked to

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Salmonella

Salt water is toxic to all microbes
True False

Shared beverages are an ineffective mode of indirect disease transmission
True False

Since the discovery and use of antibiotics, we no longer need to worry about bacterial infections
True False

The ____ sits below the stage and varies the field for viewing the specimen

The slide is placed on the ____ of an optical microscope

Slides should be rinsed after applying ____ during the gram staining process

Solute concentration

Solution acidity

____ solutions can lead to microbial cell swelling and rupture

____ solutions can lead to cell shrinkage and eventual death

A spherical bacteria with a diameter of approximately 0.5 um

A spreader is used when inoculating a kirby-bauer diffusion plate to ____

____ stains gram-negative bacteria pink

Staphylococcus epidermis

Sterile swabs should be moistened with ____ before collecting microbes from the surface of food items

Streak plating is performed by pouring broth onto agar plates
True False

Surfaces with a high diversity  of abundance of microbes should be disinfected frequently
True False

Target DNA gyrase, preventing DNA replication within a cell

To create a series of dilutions, an identical volume of stock (undiluted) solution is added to each of the dilution test tubes
True False

Tryptic soy  agar (TSA) is a ____ media

Turbidity and flocculence are indicators of microbial growth in liquid media
True False

Unwashed vegetables possess ____ numbers of microbes than those washed with soap and water

Vaccine

Vector

Very acidic or alkaline solutions compromise microbial respiration
True False

A viable plate count is a method of calculating the number of cells in a dilution by counting the number of ____ on agar plates

A viable plate has a count of 95 colonies produced from a 0.125 mL of a 10-4 dilution of the original contains ____ CFU/mL

Visible area of a slide that can be observed

____ washes dyes from gram-negative bacteria

What is functional media?

When calculating total magnification of a microscope, ____ should be considered

When creating a wet-mount slide, an individual should drop the cover slip on the top of a water droplet placed on the slide without touching it to the slide first
True False

When on bacterial cell undergoes binary fission, there will be ____ cells present on the 5th generation

When transferring microbes from a broth to a plate, the inoculation loop should be sterilized ____

Work surfaces should be sterilized with soap and water
True False

Zones of inhibition should be measured after they exceed 25mm
True False