Micro 1 Chp 16 Innate Immunity

Macrophages arise from which of the following? 

A. Lymphocyte 
B. Neutrophil
C. Monocyte
D. Eosinophil
E. Basophil

Which of the following is NOT an effect of complement activation?  

A. Bacterial cell lysis  
B. Increased phagocytic activity  
C. Increased blood vessel permeability  
D. Opsonization
E. Interference with viral replication  

Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?  

A. Neutrophil  
B. Natural killer cell 
C. Dendritic cell  
D. Basophil
E. Eosinophil  

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is false? 

A. The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes  
B. C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway  
C. C3 is not involved in the classical pathway.  
D. Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
E. C3b causes opsonization

Bacterial enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase can protect bacteria from...

A. Complement  
B. Phagocytic digestion 
C. Histamine  
D. Phagocytosis
E. Gamma interferon  

Serum is obtained from blood by...

A. Centrifuging whole blood  
B. All of these  
C. Lysing white blood cells  
D. Lysing red blood cells  
E. Coagulating whole blood

Which of the following CANNOT be determined from a differential count?  

A. The number of red blood cells
B. The numbers of each type of white blood cell  
C. None of these  
D. The possibility of a state of disease  
E. The number of white blood cells  

Which of the following is not a chemical factor to protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection? 

A. Sebum   
B. Gastric Juices  
C. pH  
D. Lysozyme   
E. Mucus

Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?  

A. Basophil  
B. Monocyte  
C. Neutrophil
D. Lymphocyte  
E. Eosinophil 

Adherence of phagocytes may be accomplished by all of the following except..

A. Chemotaxis   
B. Lysozyme   
C. Trapping a bacterium against a rough surface   
D. Complement
E. Opsonization   

The classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by...

A. Factors released from phagocytes  
B. Antigen-antibody reactions  
C. C5-C9.  
D. Factors released from damaged tissues. 
E. Polysaccharides and C3b.

Which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?  

A. Lymphocytes  
B. Erythrocytes  
C. Eosinophils  
D. Basophils  
E. Neutrophils

Chill is a sign that  

A. Body temperature is falling.
B. None of these.  
C. Body temperature is rising 
D. Sweating will follow  
E. Body temperature will remain the same 

Which of the following is NOT a physical factor protecting the skin and mucous membranes from infection?  

A. Saliva  
B. Ciliary escalator
C. Lysozyme 
D. Layers of cells  
E. Tears  

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway beginning with the activation of..

A. C3
B. C1  
C. C2  
D. C5 
E. C6  

A C-reactive protein (CRP) test was ordered for a patient who recently underwent surgery. The results revealed CRP levels 10 times greater than normal. This indicates...

A. A normal response to the trauma of surgery
B. None of these 
C. Internal bleeding.  
D. Inflammation  
E. Abnormally high blood protein

Which of the following statements is true?  

A. Complement increases after immunization  
B. Factors B, D, and P cause cytolysis.  
C. There are at least 30 complement proteins  
D. Complement activity is antigen specific
E. All of the complement proteins are always active in serum.  

Which of the following is NOT a way in which normal microbiota provide protection from infection?  

A. They provide antibacterial chemicals
B. They change the pH of the environment. 
C. They produce lysozyme.  
D. They make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria  
E. They outcompete newcomers  

The alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by  

A. Antigen-antibody reactions  
B. Polysaccharides and C3b.  
C. Factors released from phagocytes  
D. C5-C9
E. Factors released from damaged tissues  

Activation of C5-C9 results in..

A. Activation of C3   
B. Fixation of complement
C. Phagocytosis   
D. None of these   
E. Leakage of cell contents   

Which of the following is NOT part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons?  

A. They inactivate viruses.  
B. They bind to the surface of uninfected cells
C. They initiate transcription.  
D. They work in cells not producing INF.  
E. They initiate manufacture of antiviral proteins

Which of the following choices shows the order in which white blood cells migrate to infected tissues?  

A. Lymphocytes - macrophages 
B. Neutrophils - monocytes 
C. Neutrophils - macrophages  
D. Macrophages - monocytes  
E. Macrophages - neutrophils

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to 

A. Migrate  
B. Move by chemotaxis  
C. Live
D. Produce toxic oxygen products  
E. None of these  

The function of the "ciliary escalator" is to..

A. Remove microorganisms from body cavities. 
B. Remove microorganisms from the lower respiratory tract  
C. Kill microorganisms  
D. Remove microorganisms from the upper respiratory tract.  
E. All of these

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the most severe?  

A. Deficiency of C6  
B. Deficiency of C3  
C. Deficiency of C5  
D. Deficiency of C7  
E. Deficiency of C8

Which of the following is NOT a function of inflammation?  

A. To wall off an injurious agent  
B. To produce antibodies  
C. To repair damaged tissue  
D. To destroy an injurious agent  
E. To remove an injurious agent

Defensive cells such as T cells identify pathogens by binding which of the following? 

A. Lectins  
B. Complement 
C. Toll-like receptors
D. Lysozyme 
E. Cytokines  

Which of the following is NOT an effect of complement activation?  

A. Opsonization  
B. Interference with viral replication
C. Bacterial cell lysis  
D. Increased blood vessel permeability   
E. Increased phagocytic activity  

Which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is false?  

A. They are found in certain tissues and organs 
B. All of these statements are true
C. They are cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system  
D. They are mature monocytes  
E. They develop from neutrophils  

Which of the following does NOT provide protection from phagocytic digestion?  

A. Ability to grow at a low pH  
B. Biofilms  
C. Causing formation of phagolysosomes  
D. Killing white blood cells 
E. Preventing formation of phagolysosomes

Which of the following statements is true?  

A. Alpha interferon is an antiviral protein  
B. Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis.  
C. Beta interferon attacks invading viruses  
D. Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses
E. Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages