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Mass # and Atomic # positions on element
- mAss # on top left (pro+neut)
- Atomic # on bottom left (prot)
- (On periodic table, the atomic # is listed ontop of element)
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Isotope calculating strategy
- ie: Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37 are 3:1 ratio
- 35(.66) + 37(.33) = atomic weight of chlorine = 32
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Pauli exclusion principle
no 2 electrons in a given atom can have the same four quantum numbers
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4 quantum numbers
- principal (n)
- 2nd is azimuthal (angular momentum) (l)
- 3rd is magnetic quantum number (ml)
- 4th is spin quantum number (ms)
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Spin quantum number rules
- 2 electrons in SAME orbital must have opposite spins
- Electrons in diff orbitals with same ms values have parallel spins electron spin: can be +1/2 or -1/2 (have to fill orbitals with one electron first, then can pair up)
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magnetic quantum number rules
possible values: can be range from l to -l (for p, -1, 0, +1)
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azdimuthal (angular momentum) quantum number rules
- refers to the subshells or sublevels (l)
- for value of n, subshell (l) can be from 0 to n-1
- 0,1,2,3, representing s,p,d,f
- max # of electrons in subshell = 4l +2
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principal quantum number rules
- Max # of electrons in energy level n = 2n^2
- larger the n integer, the higher energy level and radius of electron orbit
- energy diff from 1-2 is greater than 2-3 and so on going higher up with the values of n
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Bohr model
- E=hf
- h=Planck's constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js)
- f = frequency of radiation
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Atomic emissions spectra - energy of photons equation
- E = hc/wavelength
- h=Planck's constant
- c=speed of light (3x108m/s)
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Planck's constant
6.626 x 10-34 Js
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Calculating energy emitted when going from n=3 to n=2
- E = - RH (1/[ni^2] - 1/[nf^2])
- should be positive value due to going back towards ground state and energy is being released
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Calculating energy emitted when n=2
E = - RH/n^2
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Balmer vs Lyman series
- Balmer are emissions from n>2 to n=2 (4 wavelengths in visible region)
- Lyman series are from n>1 to n=1 (the UV region)
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What are atoms with the same atomic number, but different atomic mass
Isotopes of each other
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