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-------l----------l----------<
Fill in Chem7
- Na Cl BUN
- -------l-----------l---------< Glucose
- K CO2 Scr
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What's the normal Na range? What is it called below this range? How low must it be to become a major health issue?
135-145 mEq/L normal range
hyponatremia
<120mEq/L requires medical attention
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What's the normal range for K?
When do we start medical treatment?
3.5-5.0 mEq/L is normal range
- <3.0 is the beginning of the moderate range and where we begin treatment
- <2.5 is start of severe trouble range
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What is the normal lab range for Cl?
96-106 mEq/L
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What's the regular lab value range for CO2?
24-30 mEq/L
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What is a normal fasting glucose range?
70 – 110 mg/dL
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What's a normal BUN (blood urea nitrogen) range?
7-20 mg/dL
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What's the normal serum creatinine range?
0.7 – 1.5 mg/dL
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What are signs and symptoms of hyponatremia at <120mg/dL?
agitation, anorexia, apathy, disorientation, muscle cramps, nausea, depressed deep tendon reflexes, and seizures
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What 5 things regulate Na in the body?
antidiuretic hormone (ADH); renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; and natriuretic factor (ANF) => renal glomerular filtration rate and sodium reabsorption/excretion
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What are the 2 main causes of hyponatremia?
- 1. Na depletion in excess of total body water.
- 2. Dilution hyponatremia where water intake is much greater than output
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CHF, liver disease, and renal failure all tend to cause which kind of hyponatremia?
What would be a typical treatment of this?
Na depletion in excess of total body water
Na and water restrictions, diuretics
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Dilution hyponatremia can be due to what? (5 examples given)
- Primary SIADH, renal failure
- Neuroendocrine
- Psychiatric
- Osmotic
- Drug induced (thiazide diuretics)
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What are the signs and symptoms of hypernatremia?
What lab values indicate hypernatremia?
Thirst, restlessness, irritability, muscle twitching, seizures(both hyper and hypo so must look for other symptoms), coma, death
>145mEq/L
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Which occurs more often, hypernatremia or hyponatremia?
Which one is likely more dangerous to the patient?
hypernatremia for both questions
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What would be a standard treatment for hypernatremia?
D5W or 1/4NS for about 24hrs
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What are the 3 types of hypernatremia?
- Low total body sodium - loss of water and sodium, but greater water loss
- Normal total body sodium - water loss and redistribution, sodium same
- High total body sodium - exogenous administration of Na (rare)
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CPR using Sodium Bicarbonate, IVs with >0.9NS, swallowing sea water, and dialysis involving Na solutes could cause what?
hypernatremia (high total body sodium)
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Fever or extensive burns could cause what related to Na?
hypernatremia (normal total body sodium)
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Is Na an intra or extracellular cation?
What about K cation?
extracellular
intracellular
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What K lab range would indicate hypokalemia?
At what range should treatment begin?
At what range is it considered in severe need of medical help?
<3.5mEq/L
<3.0mEq/L (beginning of moderate range)
<2.5mEq/L (beginning of severe range)
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