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Psose
Power supply operations and support engineers
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Plant responsibity
- All water conveyance equipment
- All dispatchable ipp's such as ALH
- All generating stations other than the big 7
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GC responsibilities
- Big 7
- IPP with generation greater than 100MW
- Monitoring and control of bes
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PSOSE
Coordinate and implements operational plans
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Types or turbines
- Impulse-(windmill) get rotational energy from the velocity of water (high head)
- Reaction-(sprinkler) get rotational energy from pressure differential(low head)
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Penstock
Conveys water from reservoir to powerhouse
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Draft tube
Water exits from bottom of turbine and returns to the river
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Scroll case
Ensures equal pressure of water on all parts of the turbine
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Bubblers
Prevent ice build up
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Head
Difference in height between the reservoir and the tail race
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Rpm
120x (frequency /#of poles)
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Purpose of guide bearing
Keeps rotating shaft in position
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Purpose of thrust bearing
Supports the static loading of the unit
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What is the lift pump
Forces oil between the thrust bearing and the thrust collar to prevent metal on metal contact
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Actuator lock
When governor fails the wicket gates are prevented from opening any further. They are held in last position before failure
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Actuator lock free
Gate limit is brought down to meet gate position. The unit can then be loaded/unloaded using the gate limit controls
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Scroll case veins
Direct water to the wicket gates
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Purpose of the governor
Control the amount of water flowing into the turbine by sensing changes in speed and sending corresponding signAls to the servomotor to change wicket gate position
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Purpose of the exciter
Regulate terminal voltage by controlling amount of current being applied to the field windings
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Static exciter
Converts ac from the generator and converts it into dc which is fed to the field windings
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What is field flashing
Not enough residual magnetism in the field to bud up stator voltage so that the exciter can supply current to the field windings, so dv voyage can either be supplied from a battery bank or by an ac source such as station service
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Field breaker
Interrupts field circuit
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Unit breaker
Synchs unit to the system
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Capability curves
- Stator heat up
- Under excited could lead to slipping a pole
- High current heats up field windings
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Surge tower
Prevent damage to penstock because of surging or water hammer
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Which plants use Kaplan runners
- (reaction) low head
- Ruskin
- ALH
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Which Plants use pelting runners
- (impulse) high head
- WAH
- BRR
- WHN
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Island plants
- PUN-fissure,public 2.5cms/hr
- ASH- up 9/min down 3/min
- JOR- close HCV when shut down
- Jht-
- SCA- 2 units
- LDR- 2 units
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Lower mainland
- COM-1 unit auto spill
- CMS- 2 unit, dsy Dam, flooding, fissues,1.5 mw/min between 40 and 10mw. Wait 5mins ramp to 0, shutdown
- Lb1- 1 unit, if trips and can't get online callout to close cqf Dam tunnel. Fb is small
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Isochronous
Unit will do everything to maintain frequency.
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Droop
Will only try to maintain frequency if h it goes past a certain percentage
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Synch condense
- Used for voltage control
- Still synched to system as spin reserves
- Used for var support
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1T-83
Generation control policies
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Startup
- Field breaker closed
- Brakes released
- Cooling water valve open
- Lift pump on
- Gate locks off
- Gate limit rise to 20% (breakaway)
- Wicket gates open
- At 90% speed lift pump turns off
- Synch close breaker to synch to system
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65p and 15f
- Governor power setter
- Frequency setter
- Either determine position of wicket gates
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Cavitation
Formation of empty cavities in a liquid by high forces and immediate implosion of them
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Shutdown
- Gate limit to 0
- Wicket gates close
- Unit breaker trips when wg at snl
- Gates lock
- Field breaker trips de-excites unit
- Lift pump on
- Brakes at 25% speed
- Lift pump off,cooling water off, creep enabled, stop indicated
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Black start
- Com
- Ash
- Cms
- RPG
- Mca
- Rev
- Jor with crew
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