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Combining Form
Atel/o
incomplete
-
Combining Form
Bronch/o
Bronchi/o
bronchus
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Combining Form
Capn/o
carbon dioxide
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Combining Form
Cost/o
Rib
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Combining Form
Cyst/o
bladder not necessarily urinary
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Combining Form
Effus/o
Pouring Out
-
Combining Form
Fus/o
pouring
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Combining Form
Hal/o
To breath
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Combining Form
Lob/o
Lobe (lobe of organ-lung)
-
-
Combining Form
Phys/o
inflate or stint
-
Combining Form
Pleur/o
Plura (membrane that surrounds lungs)
-
Combining Form
Pneumo/o
lung/air
-
Combining Form
Pulmon/o
lung
-
Combining Form
Py/o
Purul/o
Pus material
-
Combining Form
Spir/o
Breath
-
Combining Form
Trache/o
the trachea (windpipe)
-
Combining Form
Ventil/o
movement of air
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Suffixes
-ectasis
condition of dialation
-
-
Suffixes
-pnea
breathing, apnea
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Suffixes
-ptysis
abnormal coughing up
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Abbreviations
ABG
Arterial blood gas
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Abbreviations
CO2
carbon dioxide
-
-
Abbreviations
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Abbreviations
CPAP
Continuous positive airway pressure
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Abbreviations
CXR
Chest X-ray
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Abbreviations
DOE
dizzining on exertion
-
Abbreviations
RA
Room Air
-
Abbreviations
SOB
Shortness of breath
-
Abbreviations
TB
tuberculosis
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Combining Form
diaphragmat/o
phren/o
diaphragm
-
The abnormal condition in which air is present in the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
-
Pleural Effusion
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation or infection of the pleura and lungs
-
A combining form that means 'hollow'
alveol/o
-
A combining form that means 'sound'
phono/o
-
A combining form that means 'windpipe'
trache/o
-
This small area depends on surfactant for proper gas exchange
alveoli
-
The singular form of bronchi is
bronchus
-
The singular form of alveoli is
alveolus
-
The term for bloody sputum
hemoptysis
-
This is the medical term for the bluish discoloration associated with impaired oxygenation
cyanosis
-
The medical term for excessive carbon dioxide in the blood due to impaired gas exchange
hypercapnia
-
The medical term for difficulty breathing when lying down
orthopnea
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Inflammation in the pleura is called
pleurisy
-
An abnormal, excessive collection of pleural fluid within the pleural lining is called
pleural effusion
-
Name of the procedure which an endotracheal tube is advanced into the lungs to provide artificial ventilation
intubation
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The surgical removal of the larynx is known as
laryngectomy
-
A surgical incision into the trachea is called
tracheotomy
-
This is a procedure in which a needle is used to withdraw fluid from the pleural space
thoracentesis
-
A surgical incision into the chest wall is called
thoractomy
-
Air entering the ______ and _______ swirls around the turbinates, allowing the mucosa to warm and moisten it before it goes to the lungs
nasal cavity and sinuses
-
The throat:
Pharynx
-
The _______ or voice box remains open during respiration and speech, allowing air to pass in and out through the vocal cords.
larynx
-
Medical term for nostrils
nares
-
The ______ or windpipe is about 1 inch in diameter and 4 inches in length. The very below lower respiratory system end of upper respiratory tract.
Trachea
-
The inferior end of the trachea splits to become the right and left primary _________
bronchi
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Each primary bronchus enters a lung and branches into smaller_________.
bronchioles
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The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles look like the trunk and branches of an upside-down tree and are called the____________
bronchial tree
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Where gas exchange takes place
Alveoli
-
A protein/fat that creates surface pressure so the alveoli stay open
Surfactant
-
The inhalation/inspiration process
- 1. diaphragm contracts
- 2. intercostal muscles expand the rib cage
- 3. negative pressure allows air to enter
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The exhalation/expiration process
- 1. diaphragm relaxes
- 2. intercostal muscles also relax
- 3. air is forced out of the lungs
-
Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)
bacterial or viral infection of the nose and/or throat. It is also known as the common cold or a head cold. Treatment: Antibiotic drugs for bacterial infections.
-
Disorders of Trachea and Bronchial Tree:
Asthma
Hyperactivity of the bronchi and bronchioles with bronchospasm (constriction of the smooth muscle).
-
Disorders of Trachea and Bronchial Tree:
Bronchitis
Acute or chronic inflammation or infection of the bronchi. Inflammation is due to pollution or smoking, and this causes a constant cough, mucus production (sputum), and wheezing.
-
Disorders of Trachea and Bronchial Tree:
Bronchiectasis
Chronic, permanent enlargement and loss of elasticity of the bronchioles
-
Irregular crackling or bubbling sounds during inspiration caused by fluid or infection in the alveoli. Dry____ are caused by chronic irritation or fibrosis
Rales
-
Humming, whistling, or snoring sounds during inspiration or expiration. They are caused by swelling, mucus, or foreign body that partially obstructs the bronchi.
Rhonchi
-
High-pitched, harsh, crowing sound due to edema or obstruction in the trachea or larynx.
Stridor
-
High-pitched whistling or squeaking sounds during inspiration or expiration. They are caused by extreme narrowing of the lumen due bronchospasm from asthma.
Wheezes
-
Oximetry
Process of measuring O2 in blood
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Pneumonia
Infection of some or all of the lobes of the lungs
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema caused by chronic exposure to pollution or smoking
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
A severe infection, extensive burns, or injury to the lungs (aspiration of vomit or inhalation of chemical fumes) damage the alveoli.
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Atelectasis
Incomplete expansion or collapse of part or all of a lung due to mucus, tumor, trauma, or a foreign body that blocks the bronchus.
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Lung Cancer
Cancerous tumors of the lungs that is more common in smokers than nonsmokers
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Pulmonary Edema
Fluid (edema) collects in the alveoli. This is a result of backup of blood in the pulmonary circulation because of failure of the left side of the heart to adequately pump blood.
-
Disorders of Lungs:
Pulmonary Embolism
Blockage of pulmonary artery or one of its branches by embolus
-
Disorders or Pleura & thorax:
hemothorax
Presence of blood in the thoracic cavity, usually from trauma.
-
Disorders or Pleura & thorax:
pneumothorax
Large volume of air in the pleural space
-
Disorders or Pleura & thorax:
Pleural Effusion
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space due to inflammation or infection of the pleura and lungs
-
Disorders or Pleura & thorax:
Pleuritis (aka: pleurisy)
Inflammation or infection of the pleura due to pneumonia, trauma, or tumor.
-
Anoxia
complete lack of oxygen in the arterial blood and body tissues
-
hypoxia
very low level of oxygen in the arterial blood
-
hypoxemia
subnormal oxygenation or arterial blood
-
hypercapnia
very high level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood
-
Auscultation and Percussion
Procedure that uses a stethoscope to listen to breath sounds. Percussion uses the finger of one hand to tap over the finger of the other hand that is spread across the patient's back over a lobe of the lung.
-
Endotracheal intubation
A laryngoscope is used to visualize the vocal cords prior to insertion of an endotracheal tube.
-
Nasotracheal tube
Goes from outside the nose, between the vocal cords and into the trachea
-
Incentive spirometer
Medical device to encourage patients to breathe deeply to prevent atelectasis
-
-
-
C&S
culture and sensitivity
-
Bronchoscopy
Procedure that uses a lighted bronchoscope inserted through the mouth and larynx to examine the trachea and bronchi
-
Chest tube insertion
Procedure that inserts a plastic tube between the ribs and into thoracic cavity to remove accumulated air or blood due to trauma or infection
-
thoracentesis
Procedure that uses a needle and vacuum container to remove pleural fluid from the pleural space.
-
Lung resection
Procedure to remove part or all of a lung
-
Tracheostomy
This procedure begins with an incision into the trachea (tracheotomy) to create an opening
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