NS_133 Cell Biology

• Cells are not one dimensional
• Highly organized
• Do specialised jobs
• Do not work in isolation

• Bacteria
• Ameoba
• Yeast

Plasma membrane/ red blood cell

A double layer (bilayer) of phospholipids and proteins and with other lipids

• Cell shape
• Controlling the entry and exit of materials
• Cell communication
• Have anti-genic  properties
• Have receptors for various compounds

• site of genetic info and control centre
• surrounded by the nuclear membrane (envelope)
• Phospholipid bilayers

densely Packed by chromatin

• It regulates the transport of molecules across the nuclear membrane
• also allows transport of messengers in cytoplasm and transport in of specific molecule

The site of synthesis ribosomal RNA and the assembly ribosmes

• They make amino acids,
• Can be found floating in the cytosol( cytoplasm singly or in groups )or embedded in the rough ER

• Rough and Smooth  ER
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Peroxisomes
• Vacuoles

It is a network of continuous tubes with the outer membrane of nuclear envelopes

It has two types: rough and smooth

It produces lipids and proteins

• It is a complicated system of flattened vesicles (saccules)

Responsible for protein production

Has a rough appearance due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface

The proteins made are secreted into the ER lumen for further modification

Carbohydrates (sugars) added (glycoproteins) or are folded and organised

They synthesize lipids, steroids, phospholipids, and fatty acids.

Also associated with detoxifying reactions, particularly in the liver.

• Also forms vesicles for the transport of large molecules
• to Golgi apparatus or plasma membrane

Place where proteins from ER are modified. They are processed and sorted for transportation to lysosomes etc.

They resemble a series of sack-like structures (cisternae)

It receives them from the rough ER by vesicular transport

The cis face

Leaves through the trans face and moves towards the plasma membrane