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A fundamental characteric of life on earth is that...
living things grow and reproduce
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Homestasis is the process by which...
...living thins maintain their complex structure and the internal conditions needed to sustain life.
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What groups contain prokaryotic cells?
Bacteria and Archaea
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Science assumes that naturla laws (such as the law of gravity)...
...apply uniformly through space and through time.
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The complexity and organization characteristic of living organisms depends on the periodic capture of raw materials and energy. Ultimately, the osurce of these materials and energy is...
...the sun.
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The basic structural units of chemistry and life are..
...atoms.
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Ions are atoms that have...
....gained or lost an electron.
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Ionic bonds form btwn atoms that have...
...nearly empty and nearly full outermost electron shells.
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What allows one atom to physically interact with a second atom?
properties of the electrons.
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Functional groups are...
...groups of atoms in organic molecules that can participate in certain types of chemical reactions.
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The general class of biological molecules that contains large, nonpolar regions that make these molecules insoluble in water is called...
...lipids.
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Saturated fats...
...no double bonds, solid at room temp., and contain the max # of H atoms possible.
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Phospholipids contain a "head group" that is ...and two fatty acid "tails" that are...
hydrophilic, hydrophobic
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Proteins are polymers of...
...amino acids.
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Protein functions in cells include...
...stroage and defense, catalysis of biochemical reactions, structure and movement, & transport and defense.
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A nucleotide is composed of...
...a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base.
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A cell membrane is primarily composed of...
...phospholipids.
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The quaternary level of protein structure...
...refers to a functional complex of 2 or more 3-dimensional proteins.
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Nucletides...
...are found in nucleic acids, intracellular messenger molecules, and high-energy molecules.
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Bacteria...
Prokaryotic, Unicellular, Auto or Hetero
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Archaea...
...Prokaryotic, Unicellular, Auto or Hetero.
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Fungi...
...Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic.
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Plantae...
...Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Autotrophic.
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Animalia...
Eukaryotic, Multicellular, Heterotrophic.
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Protists...
Eukaryotic, Uni- and Multicellular, Auto and Hetero.
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Scientific Method...
...Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion.
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Inductive reasoning...
...a generalization is created from many obervations.
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Deductive reasoning...
...the process of generating hypotheses based on a well-supported generalization(such as a theory).
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...consist 2 or more atoms from the same or diff elements
molecules...
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A molecule in which atoms have 1 or more unpaired electrons in their outer shells...
free radical.
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Process by which new chemical bounds are formed or existing bounds are broken, converting one substance into another is a...
...chemical reaction.
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Ionic bond...
...an electron is transferred, creating (+) and (-) ions that attract one another.
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Covalent bond...
...electrons are shared.
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In molecules like H2, both atoms exert the same pulling force and the bond is called a...(equal sharing)
...non-polar covalent bond.
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In molecules where atoms of different elements are involved (h2o), the electrons ar not always equally shared and these covalent bonds are called...
...polar covalent bonds.
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An atom w/ a partically full outermost electron shell become stable by sharing electrons w/ another atom, forming a...
...covalent bond.
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Hydrogen bond...
...occurs btwn water molecules, form when partial opposite charges in diff molecules attract each other, only occur btwn oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine.
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Cohesion...
...is the tendency of molecules of a substance to stick 2gthr.
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Cohesion of water molecules along a surface produces...
...surfaces tension.
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The "clumping" of non-polar molecules is...
...hydrophobic interaction.
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The amount of heat needed to cause a substance such as water to evaporate (to change from a liquid to a vapor)...
...heat of vaporization.
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Sucrose (table sugar) =
glucose + fructose
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Lactose (milk sugar) =
glucose + galactose
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Maltose =
glucose + glucose
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