-
how does erection wrk?
- emissary veins is compressed clsing the arteriovenous anastomoses
- trabecular smooth muscle inside of corpus cavernosum
- coiled helicine arteries coming from the deep artery of the enis relax and fill with blood.
- the ischiocavernosum and bulbospongiousum contract via somatic innervation to further compress veins of the corpora cavernosa
-
erection is under what nerve control?
parasympathetic innervation
-
what nerves does the pudendal nerve some from
S2,S3,S4
-
what are the branches of the pudendal nerve
- Dorsal nerve of penis
- inferior rectal nerve
- perineal nerve which creates the posterior scrotal nerves
-
what are the contents of the spermatic cord?
- the ductus deferens
- testicular artery
- pampiniform plexus of veins
- genitofemoral nerve
- lympathatics
-
what scrotal layer correspond with the internal oblique
creamaster muscle
-
what abdominal layer corresponds with the tunica vaginalis ( visceral and parietal)
peritoneum
-
what scrotal layer corresponds with the transversus abdominis ?
none
-
what scrotal layer corresponds with the transversalis fascia
internal spermatic fascia
-
what ab layer corresponds with the internal spermatic fascia
the transversalis fascia
-
what scrotal layer is the scarpa's fascia
dartos fascia
-
describe the mechanism of mictricion
- strecth receptors are activated by the strecthing of the smooth muscle ( detrusor m.) of the bladder. stretch is sent to the CNs via sensory neuron
- 2. parasympathetics travel back to the bladdder ans synaopse causing detrusor muscle to contract and the internal sphincter is passively opened
- - motor neuron from CNS voluntarily determines if and when external spinchter of the bladder opens
-
what part of the male reprodutive sytem add the most volume tot he sperm
the
-
the greater vestibular gland is analogus to which male structure
the bulbourethral glans
-
the uterus is analogus ot which male structure
the prostate
-
the scrotal ligament/gubernaculum is men is analogus to which female structure
the round ligament and the varian ligamenet
-
the corpus spongiousum in men is analogus to which femal structure
the bulb of the vestible
-
the corpus cavernosumis analogous to which female structure
the crus, body , and glans of the clitoris
-
the corpus spongiosum is analogus to which female structure
bulb of the vestible
-
the uterus is alnalogus to which female structure
the prostatic utricle
-
the greater vestibular glands are also known as
bartholin glans
-
the testes of the male are aalogus to which female struct
the ovaries
-
the prostate is analogous to which female structure
the parauretheral gland
-
the paraurethral gland is also known as
Skene's gland
-
what is the ishioanal fossa
space filled with fat lateral to the anal canal and just below the pelvic diaphragm
-
what important is lateral to the ischioanal fossa
teh pudendal canal
-
how is the ischioanal canal of men and women different?
male have more fat than women because of the expansion of the vagina and the anus
-
what are the step of defecation
- stretch receptors in the sigmoid colon anf rectum send sensory signals to the CNS
- 2.Parasympathetic motor stimulate the rectum to contract and relax the internal anal sphincter
- 3. CNs send somatic motos signal when the person wants to voluntarily open the external anal sphincter
-
unde what control is defecation
parasympathetic for pooping
-
what is the vessesls above the pecinate line of the anal canal
- aterial from the IMA
- Venus from teh Pportal
- nerves are visceral motor both symp and parasymp mixed
- lymph is internal illiac mnodes
-
what is the vessesls blow the pecinate line of the anal canal
- artery from internal illian
- veins from caval venous sytem
- lymph from superficial inguinal
- nerve somotic motor and sensory
-
what are the surfaces of the heart
- diaphragmatic ( inferior)
- sternocostal (anterior)
- right and left pulmonary
-
conus aterious
- the smooth walled connection btwn the right ventricule and pulmonary trunck ( outflow track)
- it provides support for the pulmonary trunk and origin and the serves as a support structure for the pulmonary valve
-
anterior mediastinum boundaries and contents
- the space in btwn the sternum and the peericardium
- contains parts of the thymus
- internal thoraci arteries and branches
- lymphathics andlymph nodes
- sternopericardial ligamnet
-
posterior mediastinum contents
- esophagus
- vagus nerves
- azygos system of veins
- thoracic duct
- thoracic aorta
-
what vertebral bodies does the posterior mediastinum lay infront of
t5-t12
-
what structures does the middle medisstinum contain
the heart the root of the great vessels and the pericardium
-
what structures pass through more than one mediastinum division
- the esopahgus
- vagus nerve
- phrenic nerve
- thoracic duct
-
what are the contents of the superior mediastinum
- the trachae
- great vessels
- trachea
- esophagus
- thoracic duct
-
where does the bifurcation of the trahea happen
the sternal angle
-
the round ligament of the liver is a remnant of?
the umbilical vein
-
the ligamentum venousum is a remnant of
the ductus venosum
-
what is the porta hepatis
- the fissure running transversly on the underside of the lier that allow for the passage of many of the heptic vessels except the hepative veinsnand hepatic ducts
- it ends ont he posterio side of the right lobe
-
what does the porta hepatis do
attached the liver to the superior portion of the duodenum via the hepatoduodenal ligament
-
where is the ligamentum venosum located
between the caudate lobe and the left lobe of the liver
-
what structure is the qudarte lobe close to
- the gall bladder
- like the qute cgallbladder witht he stones
-
how many anatomical lobes of the liver are there?
-
what is the order of the last part of the large instestine starting from the descending colon
- desce. colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anal canal
- internal anal sphincter
- anus
-
anal canal muscle
external anal sphincter surrounds and adheres to the anus at the lower margin of the anal canal
-
how does fluid move out of the kindey
renal pyramid> renal papilla>minor caylx>major cylax>renal pelvis> urether
-
what deos the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supply
the head of the pancreas. it does inferior
-
what is the most proximal branch of the superior mesenteric artery
the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
-
from what Vt level does the celiac artery arise from
t12
-
what are the two attachedments for the levator ani
- the tendonous arch of the levator ani
- the anococcygeal ligament
-
inferior phrenic artery
- come off of the ab aorta
- supply the ab esophaus, suprrenal glands, and inferior part of the diapragm
-
what are the four bracnhes that the splanic artery gives off
- short gastric
- dorsal pancreatic artery
- great pencreatic
- artery to tail of pacreas
- left gastroomental artery
-
anococcygeal ligament
connects the levator ani to the coccygeal
-
tendonous arch
connect levator ani to the pubis and ischium
-
the greater sciatic notch start and end
starts at PSIS ends at the ishial spine
-
femoral nerve innervated
anterior of thigh and illiopsas and illiacus
-
obturator nerve innnervated
medial compartmetn of the thigh
-
psoas major acton
flexes the thigh at hip joint and flexes the VT
-
what is the orign of the middle suprarenal artery
the abdominal aorta
-
what is the orign of the inferior suprarenal artery
comes from the renal artery
-
what is the orign of the superior suprarenal artery
the infrior phrenic artery
-
what is the origin of the superficial epigastric artery
femoral artery
-
what does the superfiscial epigastric supply?
the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the inguinal regon and the lower anterior ab wall
-
what are the attachement of the hemiazygos
T8-T11
-
diaphragm attchements
- 6-12
- medial L1-L3 and lateral arcuate ligaments (L1-L2)
- xiphoid process
- central tendon
-
what are the openings in the diaphragm use mneumonic
- In vegas I ate
- 10 eggs
- at 12
-
the medial arcuate ligament
- attached to the psoas
- at L1-L2
-
the lateral arcuate ligament
- anterior to the ql
- the anterior rami of the 12th rib and the subcostal muscles pass through the gaps formed by this bilateral ligament
-
the small cardiac vein travels with
the marginal artery
-
what does the iliolumbar give blood supply to
the quadratus lumburum, the psoas major, and the illiacus
-
where does the superior gluteal leave the pelvis
through the greater sciatic foramen
-
what ar some distinguishing feature of the superior gluteal artery
- comes off of the anterior trunk
- travel s in between the lumbosacral tunk and S1
- usually big in size
-
what does the lateral sacrtal artery supply?
the sacrum, coccyx and the VT canal
-
where does the lateral sacral artery travel through
the sacral formina
-
where does the inferior luteal travel
between s2 S3 or S1-S2 depending on the individual
-
what are the terminal branches of the anterior iliac artery ?
the internal pudental and the inferior gluteal
-
what is the pathway of sperm
seminiferous tubulesin the testis> head neck tail of epididymus >vas deferens joins with seminial vesiciles and empties into > ejaculatory duct> prostate>urethra.
-
what is significant about the inteferior vesicle artery?
- it is the equivalent of the vaginal artery which comes off of the uterinr artery in the females.
- it anastomoses with the same artery on the contralateral side and the ispilater superior vesical artery
-
what does the inferior vesicle artery supply in mean?
the lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate, and the seminal vesicles
-
in female the uterine what does the uterine artery supply
the vagina, uterus, and lower part of the bladder
-
what branch does the vaginal artery give off?
the inferior vesicle artery
-
what does the middle rectal artery supply in men adn woman?
- the rectum
- prostate( male) vagina( women)
-
What does the internal pudendal artey supply?
(4)the external genitalia, rectum, anal canal, and perineum
-
what are the two terminal branches of the internal pudendal artery?
- the deep arttery of the penis and dorsal artery of the penis in male
- the deep artery of the clitoris and the dorsal artery of the clitoris in women
-
what is the path of the internal pudendal nerve as it branches off of the anterior division/ trunk of the interal illiac?
- it exits pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen and renters through the lesser sciatic foramen to get to the perineum
- within the perinieum the internal pudendal artery travels in the pudendal canal
-
when does the internal pudendal artery branch off into its terminal branches?
after it enter the deep perineal pouch
-
protatic venous plexus
the cluster of veins that drain the prostate
-
what is the prostate?
- contains the protatic uretha
- spern passes through the prostate as it travels to the penis
-
the frenulum of the penis
- where the prepuce or foreskin meets the underside of the penis
- runs from the shaft to the head
- eleastic fold of skin that anchors the foreskin to the glands of the penis
-
what are the 6 arteries that branch off of the anterior division of the interal illiac artery? and what side of the body are they going through?
- the umbilical artery (r)
- the obturator artery(r)
- inferior vesicle/uterine artery/vaginal artery (r)
- Middle rectal artery ( r)
- Internal pudendal artery (r)
- inferior gluteal artery ( left)
-
what are the 3 branches of the posterior division of the internal illiac artery?
- the iliolumbar (l)
- lateral sacral ( r)
- superior gluteal( l)
-
Bucks fascia
- akak fascia of the penis
- the deep dorsal vein runs within this fascia along the dorsal aspect of the penis
- encases the c. covernosum and the c.spongiosum seperately
-
Bucks fascia is the continuation of ehich structure?
the external spermatic in the scrotum
-
function of bucks fascia
ancorhes the scrotal ligament and maintaint eh structural integrit y of the 3 erectile bodies of the penis
-
tunica albuginea in relation to bucks fascia
coonective tissue that covers the erectile bodies of the penis
-
function of the tunica albuginea
allowing blood flow through the deep artery of the penis so that an erection canbe maintaind
-
what are the connective tissue later of the penis
- dartos fascia ( sacrpas)
- buck's fascia
- tunica albuinea
-
where does the superficial dorsal vein of the penis lie?
between dartos and buks fascia
-
what parts of the pancreas does the splenic artery branches supply
the body neck and tail
-
what is significant about the pancreatic branches of the splenic artery
they all anatomose covering most of the pancrease
-
what VT level is the SMA
L1
-
what is does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artey supply and do ?
- branches into anterior and superior
- it supplies the uncinate of the pancreas specifically and head of the
-
what does the middle colic supply
the proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon and right colic flexuture aka the hepatice flexture
-
what does the ileocolic colic supply
the ower part of the ascending colon ileum cecum, veriform appendix
-
Openings of the diaphrgam
I 8 10 EGGs AAT 12
- inferior vena cava at T8
- Esophagus and Vagus at T10
- Aorta Azygos and Thoracic duct at T12
- I 8 = IVC at T8
- 10 EGGs = EsophaGus and vaGus at T10
- AAT 12 = Aorta, Azygos, and Thoracic duct at T12.
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