Ch 21 Immune

In clonal selection of B cells which substance is responsible for determine which cells will eventually become cloned? 

A) antibody
B) interferon
C) antigen
D) complement

Which of the following is true about the number of binding sites per functional antibody unit?

A) IgA contains 6 binding sites
B) IgD contains 4 binding sites
C) IgM contains 10 binding sites
D) IgG contains 6 binding sites

Cytotoxic T cell ___.

A) function mainly to stimulate the proliferation of other T cell populations
B) require the double recognition signal of I MHC plus II MHC on target cell in order to functions
C) are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells
D) self destruct once the antigen has been neutralized

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for development of autoimmune disorders?

A) exposure of previously hidden self antigens to the adaptive immune system
B) cross reaction of antibodies formed against foreign antigens with self antigens
C) a second exposure to an allergen
D) mutation followed by appearance of membrane proteins not previously present

Natural killer cells ____

A) are cells of the adaptive immune system
B) are a type of phagoctye
C) are called cytotoxic T cells
D) can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Haptens lack immunogenicity unless attached to protein carriers
B) MHC proteins are the cell's identity markers
C) Class I MHC molecules are built into the plasma membrane of all body cells
D) Class II MHC molecules appear on the surface of antigen presenting cells...

Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

A) anaphylaxis
B) allergic contact dermatitis
C) cytoxic hypersensitivity
D) immunne complex hypersensitivity

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ____.

A) haptens
B) reagins
C) antibodies
D) ions

Delayed hypersensitivities _____.

A) are mediated by B cells
B) include anaphylactic shock, a systemic vasodilation that results in inadequate blood delivery
C) include allergic contact dermatitis
D) do not involve T cells

Antibody functions include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) targeting foreign cells
B) linking soluble antigens together
C) cross linking cell bound antigens on RBC...
D) binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria

Which of the following does NOT respond to cell mediated immunity?

A) intracellular pathogens 
B) some cancer cells
C) foreign tissue transplants
D) pathogens in the CNS

Correct sequence of events for phagocytosis?

Chemotaxis
Adherence
Ingestion
Digestion
Killing

Which of the following is true of immediate hypersensitivities?

A) involve IgE antibodies and release of histamine...
B) also called type IV hypersensitivities
C) adaptive immune responses
D) include allergic contact dermatitis

______ are released by activated T cells and macrophages to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

A) Cytokines
B) Perforins
C) Interleukin 1 proteins
D) Interleukin 2 proteins

What is the ole of interferon in defense against disease?

A) protect cells that have not yet been infected by VIRUS
B)  protect cells that have not yet been infected by BACTERIA
C) activate complement mechanism
D) activate inflammatory process

Which of the following is part of the second line of defense against microorganisms?

A) keratin
B) cilia
C) gastric juice
D) phagocytes

Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?

A) helper
B) regulatory
C) cytotoxic
D) antigenic

The primary immune response _______.

A) has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
B) occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary
C) is another name for immunological memory
D) occurs when memory cells are stimulated

Regulatory T cells ______.

A) may function in preventing autoimmune reactions
B) decrease activity as antigenic stimulus decrease
C) release cytokines that increase activity of cytotoxic t cells
D) are the most understood T cells

Innate immune system defenses include ______.

A) plasma cells
B) B cells
C) phagocytosis
D) T cells

Which statement is TRUE about T cells?

A) They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed
B) They usually directly recognize antigens
C) Once activated they cannot secrete cytokines
D) Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2

Select the correct statement about immunodeficiency.

A) most common form is GVH disease
B) SCID disease is an acquired condition
C) the causative agent in AIDS is a virus that recognizes CD4 proteins
D) Hodgkin's disease is hereditary found in children

_______ predominate at the sites of chronic infections.

A) Basophils
B) macrophages
C) Eosinophils
D) B cells

Clonal selection of  B cells ____.

A) only occur in the secondary immune response
B) cannot occur in the presence of antigens
C) occurs during fetal development
D) results in formation of plasma cells

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

A) Immunological memory is established by passive immunization
B) Antibodies utilized in active immunity are acquired from another organism
C) Active and passive humoral immunity....
D) Vaccination is an example of passive immunity

Interferons ___.

A) are virus specific so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another
B) act by increasing rate of cell division
C) interfere with viral replication within cells
D) are routinely used in nasal spray for the common cold

Select the correct statement about function of antibodies.

A) neutralization is the process by which antibodies cause invading cells to clump together
B) the most potent agglutinating agent is IgG
C) antibodies may directly destroy invaders
D) Complement fixation is the main mechanism by which antibodies provide protection

Which of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies work?

A) enhancing phagocytosis
B) neutralizing antigen
C) activating cytokines
D) agglutinating and precipitating antigen

Fever ______.

A) production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting
B) is high than normal body temp and always dangerous
C) causes liver to release large amounts of iron
D) decreases metabolic rate to conserve energy

B Lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ____.

A) lymph nodes
B) thymus
C) spleen
D) bone marrow

Graft rejection may be caused by ___.

A) immunosuppressants
B) total body irradiation
C) antilymphocyte serum
D) xenograft

Which of the following statement about NK cells is FALSE?

A) present in blood, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow
B) attack cells that display abnormal MHC
C) attack cancer and virus infected cells
D) type of neutrophil

Which of the following does NOT describe antigens?

A) include proteins, nucleic acids, lipoproteins, etc.
B) only come from microbes
C) exhibit immunogenicity and reactivity
D) parts that initiate immune response are called epitopes/antigenic determinants

Select the correct statement about antigens?

A) only small antigens exhibit reactivity
B) largest type of antigen is a hapten
C) self antigens is another name for incomplete anitgens
D) one antigen may have many different determinants

Phagocyte mobilization involves _____.

A) margination
B) mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas
C) diapedesis during which cells line up against capillary wall
D) monocytes as most active phagocyte

Which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens?

A) contain many repeating chemical units
B) inhibit production of antibodies
C) small molecules
D) reactivity with an antibody

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

A) passive IgG antibodies from a pregnancy mother to fetus
B) booster shot of vaccine
C) exposure to an antigen
D) infusion of weakened viruses

Toll like receptors trigger the release of ___ to attract WBCs to the scene. 

A) complement
B) histamine
C) cytokines
D) prostaglandins

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

A) prevents the spread of the injurious agent to the nearby tissue
B) disposes of cellular debris and pathogens
C) replace injured tissues with connective tissue
D) sets the stage for repair processes

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) lymphoid organs where lymphocytes become immunocompetent care called primary lymph organs
B) It is our genes not antigens
C) after becoming immunocompetent the naive T and B cells are exported to bone marrow
D) T cells and B cells become fully immunocompetent

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites....

A) chemotaxis
B) agglutination
C) diapedesis
D) opsonization

Which of the following cells is most critical cell in immunity?

A) APC
B) B cell
C) helper T cell
D) cytotoxic T cell

B cells respond to initial antigen challenge by _____.

A) producing progeny cells that include plasma and memory cells
B) forming large number of cells unlike B cells
C) immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies
D) reducing it's size

Select the correct statement about the prevention of immune attack on self.

A) tolerance to self is due to action of foreign antigens
B) development of tolerance to specific b cells only
C) neutrophils capable of binding to self antigens are chemically inactivated
D) tolerance is developed during fetal life

The antibody molecule is held together by ____ bonds.

A) hydrogen
B) sodium
C) disulfide
D) amino acid

______ determine what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

A) type of antigen
B) enzymes present at the time of invasion
C) our genes
D) memory cell production

Monoclonal antibodies are used for diagnosis of all of the following except ____.

A) juvenile diabetes
B) pregnancy
C) rabies
D) hepatitis

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

A) glomerulonephritis
B) MS
C) type II diabetes
D) lupus

Redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ______.

A) vasodilation
B) production of complement and interferon
C) phagocyte mobilization
D) vasoconstriction

The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the ____.

A) helper cells
B) cytotoxic cells
C) plasma cells
D) regulatory cells

Helper T cells ____.

A) function to decrease immune response
B) release B7 proteins
C) function in adaptive immune system activation
D) bind tightly to target cells and release a lymphotoxin called perforin

Immunocompetence ____.

A) ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen
B) requires exposure to antigen
C) prevents intercellular commuication
D) occurs in one organ

Correct statement about complement.

a) adaptive immune mechanism is involved...