Ch 21 Immune

In clonal selection of B cells which substance is responsible for determine which cells will eventually become cloned? 

A) interferon
B) antibody
C) antigen
D) complement

Which of the following is true about the number of binding sites per functional antibody unit?

A) IgA contains 6 binding sites
B) IgM contains 10 binding sites
C) IgG contains 6 binding sites
D) IgD contains 4 binding sites

Cytotoxic T cell ___.

A) function mainly to stimulate the proliferation of other T cell populations
B) self destruct once the antigen has been neutralized
C) require the double recognition signal of I MHC plus II MHC on target cell in order to functions
D) are the only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for development of autoimmune disorders?

A) exposure of previously hidden self antigens to the adaptive immune system
B) cross reaction of antibodies formed against foreign antigens with self antigens
C) a second exposure to an allergen
D) mutation followed by appearance of membrane proteins not previously present

Natural killer cells ____

A) can kill cancer cells before the immune system is activated
B) are cells of the adaptive immune system
C) are called cytotoxic T cells
D) are a type of phagoctye

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) Class I MHC molecules are built into the plasma membrane of all body cells
B) Class II MHC molecules appear on the surface of antigen presenting cells...
C) MHC proteins are the cell's identity markers
D) Haptens lack immunogenicity unless attached to protein carriers

Which of the following would be classified as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction?

A) allergic contact dermatitis
B) anaphylaxis
C) immunne complex hypersensitivity
D) cytoxic hypersensitivity

Small molecules that bind with self-proteins to produce antigenic substances are called ____.

A) reagins
B) haptens
C) antibodies
D) ions

Delayed hypersensitivities _____.

A) are mediated by B cells
B) include anaphylactic shock, a systemic vasodilation that results in inadequate blood delivery
C) do not involve T cells
D) include allergic contact dermatitis

Antibody functions include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) linking soluble antigens together
B) cross linking cell bound antigens on RBC...
C) targeting foreign cells
D) binding and inactivating chemical toxins released by bacteria

Which of the following does NOT respond to cell mediated immunity?

A) intracellular pathogens 
B) foreign tissue transplants
C) pathogens in the CNS
D) some cancer cells

Correct sequence of events for phagocytosis?

Chemotaxis
Adherence
Ingestion
Digestion
Killing

Which of the following is true of immediate hypersensitivities?

A) involve IgE antibodies and release of histamine...
B) adaptive immune responses
C) also called type IV hypersensitivities
D) include allergic contact dermatitis

______ are released by activated T cells and macrophages to mobilize immune cells and attract other leukocytes into the area.

A) Interleukin 2 proteins
B) Cytokines
C) Interleukin 1 proteins
D) Perforins

What is the ole of interferon in defense against disease?

A)  protect cells that have not yet been infected by BACTERIA
B) protect cells that have not yet been infected by VIRUS
C) activate complement mechanism
D) activate inflammatory process

Which of the following is part of the second line of defense against microorganisms?

A) phagocytes
B) keratin
C) cilia
D) gastric juice

Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?

A) helper
B) cytotoxic
C) regulatory
D) antigenic

The primary immune response _______.

A) has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells
B) occurs when memory cells are stimulated
C) occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary
D) is another name for immunological memory

Regulatory T cells ______.

A) may function in preventing autoimmune reactions
B) release cytokines that increase activity of cytotoxic t cells
C) are the most understood T cells
D) decrease activity as antigenic stimulus decrease

Innate immune system defenses include ______.

A) B cells
B) plasma cells
C) phagocytosis
D) T cells

Which statement is TRUE about T cells?

A) They will develop into cytotoxic T cells if antigen is complexed
B) Their proliferation is enhanced by interleukins 1 and 2
C) They usually directly recognize antigens
D) Once activated they cannot secrete cytokines

Select the correct statement about immunodeficiency.

A) SCID disease is an acquired condition
B) the causative agent in AIDS is a virus that recognizes CD4 proteins
C) Hodgkin's disease is hereditary found in children
D) most common form is GVH disease

_______ predominate at the sites of chronic infections.

A) macrophages
B) Eosinophils
C) Basophils
D) B cells

Clonal selection of  B cells ____.

A) results in formation of plasma cells
B) cannot occur in the presence of antigens
C) only occur in the secondary immune response
D) occurs during fetal development

Select the correct statement about active and passive immunity.

A) Active and passive humoral immunity....
B) Immunological memory is established by passive immunization
C) Vaccination is an example of passive immunity
D) Antibodies utilized in active immunity are acquired from another organism

Interferons ___.

A) are virus specific so that an interferon produced against one virus could not protect cells against another
B) act by increasing rate of cell division
C) are routinely used in nasal spray for the common cold
D) interfere with viral replication within cells

Select the correct statement about function of antibodies.

A) antibodies may directly destroy invaders
B) Complement fixation is the main mechanism by which antibodies provide protection
C) neutralization is the process by which antibodies cause invading cells to clump together
D) the most potent agglutinating agent is IgG

Which of the following is NOT a method by which antibodies work?

A) enhancing phagocytosis
B) agglutinating and precipitating antigen
C) neutralizing antigen
D) activating cytokines

Fever ______.

A) is high than normal body temp and always dangerous
B) causes liver to release large amounts of iron
C) decreases metabolic rate to conserve energy
D) production is regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting

B Lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the ____.

A) spleen
B) bone marrow
C) lymph nodes
D) thymus

Graft rejection may be caused by ___.

A) immunosuppressants
B) xenograft
C) total body irradiation
D) antilymphocyte serum

Which of the following statement about NK cells is FALSE?

A) attack cells that display abnormal MHC
B) attack cancer and virus infected cells
C) type of neutrophil
D) present in blood, spleen, lymph nodes, red bone marrow

Which of the following does NOT describe antigens?

A) include proteins, nucleic acids, lipoproteins, etc.
B) only come from microbes
C) exhibit immunogenicity and reactivity
D) parts that initiate immune response are called epitopes/antigenic determinants

Select the correct statement about antigens?

A) only small antigens exhibit reactivity
B) self antigens is another name for incomplete anitgens
C) one antigen may have many different determinants
D) largest type of antigen is a hapten

Phagocyte mobilization involves _____.

A) diapedesis during which cells line up against capillary wall
B) margination
C) monocytes as most active phagocyte
D) mainly neutrophil and macrophage migration into inflamed areas

Which of the following is characteristic of complete antigens?

A) contain many repeating chemical units
B) reactivity with an antibody
C) inhibit production of antibodies
D) small molecules

Which of the following is associated with passive immunity?

A) booster shot of vaccine
B) exposure to an antigen
C) infusion of weakened viruses
D) passive IgG antibodies from a pregnancy mother to fetus

Toll like receptors trigger the release of ___ to attract WBCs to the scene. 

A) cytokines
B) complement
C) histamine
D) prostaglandins

Which of the following is not a function of the inflammatory response?

A) replace injured tissues with connective tissue
B) disposes of cellular debris and pathogens
C) sets the stage for repair processes
D) prevents the spread of the injurious agent to the nearby tissue

Which of the following is FALSE?

A) after becoming immunocompetent the naive T and B cells are exported to bone marrow
B) T cells and B cells become fully immunocompetent
C) lymphoid organs where lymphocytes become immunocompetent care called primary lymph organs
D) It is our genes not antigens

Complement proteins and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites....

A) opsonization
B) agglutination
C) chemotaxis
D) diapedesis

Which of the following cells is most critical cell in immunity?

A) B cell
B) cytotoxic T cell
C) helper T cell
D) APC

B cells respond to initial antigen challenge by _____.

A) immediately producing antigen-specific antibodies
B) producing progeny cells that include plasma and memory cells
C) reducing it's size
D) forming large number of cells unlike B cells

Select the correct statement about the prevention of immune attack on self.

A) neutrophils capable of binding to self antigens are chemically inactivated
B) tolerance is developed during fetal life
C) tolerance to self is due to action of foreign antigens
D) development of tolerance to specific b cells only

The antibody molecule is held together by ____ bonds.

A) disulfide
B) sodium
C) hydrogen
D) amino acid

______ determine what specific foreign substances our adaptive immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

A) enzymes present at the time of invasion
B) type of antigen
C) memory cell production
D) our genes

Monoclonal antibodies are used for diagnosis of all of the following except ____.

A) hepatitis
B) juvenile diabetes
C) rabies
D) pregnancy

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

A) MS
B) lupus
C) glomerulonephritis
D) type II diabetes

Redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by ______.

A) phagocyte mobilization
B) vasodilation
C) production of complement and interferon
D) vasoconstriction

The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the ____.

A) regulatory cells
B) helper cells
C) plasma cells
D) cytotoxic cells

Helper T cells ____.

A) release B7 proteins
B) bind tightly to target cells and release a lymphotoxin called perforin
C) function to decrease immune response
D) function in adaptive immune system activation

Immunocompetence ____.

A) ability of individual cells to recognize a specific antigen
B) occurs in one organ
C) prevents intercellular commuication
D) requires exposure to antigen

Correct statement about complement.

a) adaptive immune mechanism is involved...