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what are the functions of the pelvis
- bear weight of the body
- transfer weight from axial to lower limbs
- provide attachment for muscles
- support pelvis viscera
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What are the parts ( bony parts) of the pelvis
- illum which is the superior most half of the pelvis
- ischium which is the posterior inferior most half of the pelvis
- pubis: the anterior inferior portion of the pelvis
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What distinguishes the ishial spine from the ishial tuberosity?
- the spine is superior pointier
- while the tuberosity if flatter and inferior
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How is the osteology of the male and female pelvis different?
- Female Male
- pelvic inlet: oval, rounded & wide heart-shaped and narrow
- greater pelvis: shallow deep
- lesser pelvis : wide and cylindrical narrow and tapering
- sub. pub. angle: >80 <7-
- obturator formamen: oval round
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how does the sciatic notch for women compare to men?
almost 90 in f and about 70 in men
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what plane separated the greater ( false) pelvis from the true or lesser pelvis
the top of the sacrum
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how does the acetabulum for women compare to men?
f is smaller
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How is the blood supply of the male and female pelvis different?
all the same except the uterine artery and the inferior vesical artery
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how is the basic architecture for example pelvic floor muscles? viscera and organization of pelvic viscera between male and female?
- female:
- deep vein of the clitoris
- vagina
- urethrovaginal sphincter
- recto-uterine pouch and fold( cul-da-sac or pouch of douglas)
- male:
- deep vein of the penis
- rectovesical pouch
- male have mroe fat in their isioanal canal
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what artery is found in males that is not found in female? what is the female equivalent of this artery ?
- the inferior vesical artery that supplies the lower part of the urinary bladder, prostate, and the seminal vesicles
- the fmale equivalent is the vaginal artery and supplies the lower part of the urinary bladder
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what is the innervation branches of the male pudendal nerve
- posterior scrotal
- perineal
- inferior rectal
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what is the innervation branches of the female pudendal nerve
- the inferior rectal
- posterior labial
- perineal
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what are the common pelvic arteries of the male and fmale ?
All of the other pelvis arteries except the vaginal/uterine ( vag is the branch off the uterine) and inferior vesicle
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what female erectile tissue is covered by the bulbospongiosum ?
the bulb of the vestibule and the greater vestibular gland barthalans gland.
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what are tge structures of the deep Pouch of the femal ?
- deep transverse perineal
- urethrovaginal spinchter
- compressor urethrae
- external urethral sphincter
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what are the main branches off of the internal illiac arteries ? and how would you recognize them?
- 7 of them
- umbilial artery ( going to the ASIS)
- obturator
- superior gluteal ( LS trunk and S1)
- inferior gluteal ( S2 and S3)
- latreral sacral arteries
- Internal pudendal ( dives below S4 sacrspinos lig)
- iliolu mbars(the only one that is going up )
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superficial pouch muscles of the female?
- like male
- bulbospingious
- isocavernosius
- superficial trasnverse perineal
- perineal body
- anus and
- external anal sphincter
- anus
- different from maleexternal urethral orfice
- vaginal orfice
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deep pouch male contents?
- deep perineal vessel
- dorsal ner of and vessel of penis
- external urethral spihincter
- Bulbourethral gland
- deep transverse perineal
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erectile tissue of the female superficial pouch
- crus of the clitoris
- bulb of the vestible
- body of the clitoris
- greater vestibular gland or Barthalands gland
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what muscles covers the crus of the clitoris
isocavernosium
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male perineum vs. female perineum
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what are the boundaries of the superficial pouch ?
skin to perineal membrane
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what are the boundaries of the deep pouch?
perineal membrane to the diaphragm
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erectile male tissue of the superficial pouch
- Crus of the penis
- Bulb of the penis
- Corpus cavernosum
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Muscle of the male superficial pouch ?
- Ischocavernosous
- Ralphe of bulbospongiousus
- Bulbospongious
- superficial transvers perineal
- perineal body
- external anal spinchter
- anus
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what muscle overlays the bulb of the penis corpus spongiosum ?
Bulbosponggiosum and ralphe
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what muscle overlaps the crus of the penis
the ishiocavernosum
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what are the boundaries of the deep pouch ?
perineal membrane to the pelvic diapragm
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difference between internal and external anal sphincters?
- internal sphincter is visceral motor while external is somatic motor
- internal is portal venous and iferior mesenteric artery
- external is caval venous and internal illiac artery
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mechanism of defecation ?
- 4 main steps
- strecth receptors send signal to the spinal cord
- parasymp contraction of rectum
- para sym relaxes internal anal sphinc
- voluntary impulses travel through somoatic motor fibers to relax the external anal sphinc
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difference btwn internal and external hemmrrhoids?
internal is less painful above the pectinate line and atutomonics
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Internal hemrroids?
- happen above the pectinate line
- are less painful
- autonomic nerves
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External hemorroids
- painful
- somatic nerves ( you know where it is exactly)
- below the pectinate line
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What are the main places that hemrroids can happen?
- rectum
- esophagus
- umbilical
- colon
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what is the portal and vein connections for hemrroids in the umbilicus, respectively?
- the paraumbilical
- epiastric
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what is the portal and vein connections for hemrroids in the esophagic, respectively?
- the esopaheal
- the left gastric
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what is the portal and vein connections for hemrroids in the anus, respectively?
- superior renal
- inerior renal
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what is the portal and vein connections for hemrroids in the colon, respectively?
- inferior mesenteric
- retroperitoneal vein (reitzus)
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