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ph
-log of hydrogen ion concentration
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when it come to h20 for physiology assessment of aci and Base
ignore h20 for simplicity
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pk definition
pk is the ph when 50% dissociation of HA
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strong acid def.
100% dissociation in soln
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if you have low pk the acid is
stronger, more acidic
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buffer def.
a weak acid in sln that resists changes in ph upon addition of H+ or base to system
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when o buffers work best?
near the pk
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henderson hasselback
ph=pk+log[a-]/[hA]
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how do you determine how many pka's an acid has?
based on the forumula, how many hydrogens they have
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why is it important for the bodies pH to be held constant?
15000-20,000 mMoles of volatile acid and 100-300 mM of non volitile acid
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what is a nonvolatile acid?
- HCL, h2SO4 and H3PO4
- they dissociate to produce free H+ions
- produced by cellular metabolism of amino acid, nucleic acid, etc,
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what is a volitaile acid?
- Co2
- does not have hydrogen but in soln this can make carbonic acid which can then dissociate into H+
- Co2 is a gas in that it can be exchanged with air and breathed off
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how does the body regulate CO2 Ha concentration
by regulating the breathing
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how does the body regulate HCO3 (bicarbonate) Ha concentration?
- through the kidney
- the kidney is the only organ that can eliminate H+ from the body
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What are the Acid-Base Balance Disorder
- Respiratory : change in the Pco2 in the plasma
- Metabolic: change in HCO3 in the plasma
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what pco2 concentrations would be acidosis?
greater than 40 mm Hg
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what pco2 concentrations would be alkalosis?
less than 40 mm Hg
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what hco3 concentrations would be alkalosis?
greater than 24mM
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what hco3 concentrations would be acidosis?
less than 24 mM
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Phagocytosis
- energy dependent
- vesicle>250 nm diameter
- very big molceules
- The size of the whole cell
- cell eating.
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what are some types of phagocyotic cells?
- Dendrite
- Neutrophils
- Macrophages
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clinical relevance of phagocytotis
- give defense against bacteria
- bacteria develops mchanisms to escaped degradation of lysosomes
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Caveolin-coated vescile mediated edocytosis
- Caveola-hav clustered signalling proteins
- Dyamin 2-dependent pinching off
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where is caveolin 3 located
skeletal muscles, smooth muscle, glial cells, erly post natal, peripheral nerves,
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LDL receptor recycling and disease - Brown and Goldstein Finding
allows for binding and internalization of LDL
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what happen if your cells do not have LDl receptos
there is very high cholesteralimia and cholesteral will build up so much it shows as bubbles on the skin
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exocytosis
- vesicles
- need a pari of SNARES to work
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transcyotsis
- combination of endocytic and exocytic process
- both fluid and solutes
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which cell sused transcytosis
- endothelia, capillaries
- intestinal epithelia
- Lung
- thyroid
- blod brain barrier
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