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molality
moles of solute/kg
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molarity
moles of solute/liter
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osmolarity
moles of dissociable solut particle/liter
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osmole
amount of particles
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osmolality
moles of dis solut paricle/kg fluid
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what is the osmolarity of 0.15M caCl2
- 0.45 Osm
- because there are 3 particles that dissociate
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what is significant about sugar?
it does not dissociate
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what is the osmolairty of 142 mM NaCl + 5 mM KCl + 1 mM CaCl2 + 1 mM MgCl2
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what is the osmolairty of
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what is the osmolairty of 142 mM CaCl2 + 5 mM MgCl2 + 1 mM NaCl + 1 mM KCl?
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What is the osmolarity of a solution containing:
– 50 mM NaCl + 5 mM KCl + 100 mM D-glucose?
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what are the body fluid compartments?
- 3 of them
- intracellular ( cytoplasm)
- extracellular vascular ( plasma; fluid in vasculature)
- extracellular extravascular ( fluid outside of vasculature but notinside cells)
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60-40-20 rule
- 60% of body weight is
- body water
- intracellular
- extracellular
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what seperate the plasma from the interstital fluid?
capillary walls
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pitting edema
- too much fluid in the body
- intersitial extravascular fluid compartment
- usually on lower extremeties
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dehydration pinch test
- pinch back of hand it does not bound back quickly mean pt is dehydrated
- not enough fluid in interstitial
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what causes pitting edema
- hypertension
- increased vascular pressure forces fluid out into the the extravascular space
- extra-vascular fluid pool in lower extremities
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what is one cause of hypertention in regard to kidney
decrease kidney function thus kidney cannot filter those blood pressure increases
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how does water move in regard to concentration
water moves into the direction of the higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane
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how does water move in regards to water chemical energy
- water moves to eliminate water chemical energy gradient
- from higher water chemical gradient to lower
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formula for osmotic pressure
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normal concentation of NA+ and K+ in extracellular and intracellular space
- 140mM Na, 5nM K
- 20mM Na, 120mM K
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total osmolarity formula equals
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Which way will water move?
– Intracellular osmolarity = 290 mOsm
– Extracellular osmolarity = 590 mOsm
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Which way will water move?
– Intracellular solution – 120 mM KCl, 20 NaCl, 20 mM Na2HPO4
– Extracellular solution – 140 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 10 mM
NaH2PO4
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how does osmosis contribute to normal function of small intstine
allows reabsoprtion of water
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reflection coefficent
relative abiliity of solute to cross the cell membrane
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what does a reflection coefficent of 0 mean
- the solute is freely permeable
- cannot drive net water movement
- no osmotic pressure
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what does a reflection coefficent of 1 mean
- impermeable
- will drive water movement
- osmotic pressure
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what is reflection coefficent dependent one
- the type of semipermeable membrane
- the membrane can be permeable to just water, nacl , both, or there solutes.
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diffusion
solutes move to to equalize concentration
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oncotic pressure
osmotic pressure prduces by large marcomolecules , mainly proteins
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A patient receives an intravenous infusion of 2 L of solution A (200 mM
NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 5 mM D-glucose). The blood concentrations are: 150
mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 5 mM D-glucose. Which of the following will occur?
- choose one:
- Water will move from the interstitial fluid compartment into the vascular fluid
- compartment
- – Water will move from the vascular fluid compartment into the interstitial fluid
- compartment
- – NaCl will move from the interstitial fluid compartment into the vascular fluid
- compartment
- – NaCl will move from the vascular fluid compartment into the interstitial fluid
- compartment
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all volume changes begin with..
changes in the extracellulaer fluid compartment
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what happens if a pysican adds 1l of hypertonic salin solution to the body
enter the extracellular fluid and triggers osmolarity to increase and volumes to increase then to level out osmolarity the water from the interstitial fluid will move across the cell membrane to the extra cellular fluid
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what happens if a physician adds 1l of hypotonic salin solution to the body
enters extracellular fluid compartment where it increase the volume but decrease the osmolarity. water will move to the intracellular fluid comp to even out osmolarity resulting in the interstetial fluid having even more volune
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what happens if a physician adds 1l of isotonic salin solution to the body
extra cellular volume increase molarity stays the same and there is not net driving force through the cell membrane
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what is the osmolarity of isotonic saline?
.9%
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what is the normal cell osmolarity of NaCl?
300mM NaCl
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example of a serous merocrine gland ? What does it do?
- pancreas and partoid
- secrete mostly water
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example of a mucous merocrine gland ? What does it do?
- sublingual and goblet cells
- glycoslytaed proteins
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example of a mixed (seromucos) merocrine gland ? What does it do?
submandibular gland
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what percent of extracellular fluid is plasma?
25%
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what percent of extracellular fluid is intersitial fluid?
75%
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What does hypertonic volume contration mean?
to lose hypotonic fluid
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what is a medical example of hypertonic volume contraction?
- diabetes melittius
- both ECF and ICF contract
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what clinically is an ex. of hypotonic volume contraction?
addisions diseas lack of aldosterone
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what is hypotonic volume contraction
- ECF contracts
- ICF expands
- you lose hypertonic fluid
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isotonic volume contraction medical example
- losing blood
- ECf contract ICf does not change
- to lose isotonic volume
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Isotonic volume expansion is the medical world is
- isotonic saline IV
- ECF changes ICF stays the same
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Hypertonic volume expansion
- Hpertonic Saline IV
- ECFexpands( inregard to volume and final movement of water ) , ICF contracts
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Hypotonic volume expansion
ECF contract , ICF expands
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medical example of Hypotonic Vouem expansion
Psycogenic polydipsia, SIADH
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