anatomy Lab 4 checklist

• innervated: phrenic nerve  and lower anterior rami of thoraic nevres; intercostal nerves
• act: primary muscles of inspiration

• go inferior medial. like a pocket 
• inn: intercostal nerves
• act: elevates ribs at their costovertebral joints & give support 
• insertions: inferior border of all ribs except 12 to superior border of ribs

• oriented inferior lateral
• inn: intercostal nerves
• origin:inferior border of all ribs except 12 and  superior border of ribs
• action: elevates ribs at costovertebral joints

• two branches:
• pericardial and phrenicoabdominal

• attachments: interior border of all ribs and their costal cartilages except rib 12
• act: depresses ribs & supply structural support
• oriented infeolaterally

• action: depresses the ribs and their costal cartilages 
• in: intercostal nerve
• attachment: posterior aspect of the body  and the internal surfaces of 2-6 costal cartilages and costal ends of adjacent ribs.

• originates from the subclavian artery and descends into the thorax long the sternum 
• branches off into the anterior intercostal arteries
• supplies the thoracic and abdominal walls, thymus, sternum and skin

• this is one of the two terminal branches of the internal thoracic 
• supplies the diaphragm and the anterior abdominal

sits btwn the coronary sulcus

• Also called the LAD - left anterior descending artery
• branch of the left coronary artery that descends into the coronary sulcus and the interventricular septum 
• supplies: adjacent part of the right and left ventricle and the anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum

• supplies the left atrium and ventricle 
• courses through the coronary sulcus

• originates from the internal thoracic artery 
• supplies the pericardium, respiratory diaphram, and mediastinal part of the parietal pleura

give rise to the sinuatrial nodal branch

• a remnant of the fetal right atrium; a muscular pouch
• it acts as a overflow vessel to relieve the high artrial pressure at time of stress.

• runs in the posterior inter-ventricular sulcus
• stems from the right coronary artery 
• supplies: posterior 1/3 of the inter-ventricular septum 

The posterior inter-ventricular artery can arise from the right coronary artery ( right heart dominant) or the left coronary artery ( left heart dominant)

• runs along the right coronary border 
• contribute to the supply of the right ventricle

only arteries in the body that bring deoxygenated blood.

only cardiac vein that drains directly into the right atrium

• run with the arteries of the self-same name
• drains the anterior intercostal spac into the internal thoracic and musculophrenic veins
• they anatomose with the posterior intercostal veins

• drains into the right atrium 
• it in the atrioventricular sulcus at the junction of it and the interventricular sulcus
• the great, middle, and small cardiac veins drain into this sinus

this becomes the coronary sinus

• union of the right and left illiac vein at L5 
• structure of the lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, and abdomen

• runs with the interal thoracic artery
• it is a continuation of the musculophenic and apigastric veins

• runs with the posterior inter ventricular artery within the sulcus
• drains the inferior surface of the heart

• carry oxygenated blood toward the heart ad drain into the left atrium
• they are the only veins that carry oxygenated blood in the body

• follows the course of the right marginal artery 
• drains the right atrium and ventricle

• formed from the unification of the brachiocephalic veins 
• it is the venous return for regions of the body above the diaphram
• the azygos vein also drains into the superior vena cava

• both left ( most superficial) and right that join together to form the superior vena cava
• they drain the head , neck, and upper limbs.

drains the posterior thoracic wall and drains into the superior vena cava

• permist the unidirectonal flow of oxygenatedb,ood from the left ventricle to the aorta. In other words: blood cannot flow back from the aorta into the left ventricle thanks to the semilunar aortic valve
• It is passively opened during systole and closes during diastole
• composed of 3 semilunar cusps

allows oxygenated blood to enter into the left and right coronary arteries

• left leaflet
• right leaflet
•  nonadjacent leaflet

is the pointed part to the left side

at the top ofthe heart where the great vessel come in superiorly

• can be seen both posteriorly and anteriorly on the left side of the heart
• 

• also known as the inferior surface
• it is on the posterioinferior aspect of the heart
• can only be seen in the posterior view of the heart

• the part of the heart that is closest to the sternum
• it is also referred to as the anterior surface of the heart

• also called the left interventricular valve found between the left atrium and left ventricule
• there are two papilary muscles attached to chordae tendineae that control the movement of these valves
• it has 2 leaflets 
• during systole this valve closes

• lub is the sound of the mitral and tricuspid valve closing at the start of systole
• dub is the sound of the oulminary and aortic valve closing at the end of systole/beginning of diastole.

the interior surface texture of the ventricles

• found in the anterior surface of the right and left atrial walls and their auricles 
• they stretch to increase surface area and thus atrial volume 
• in the right atrium the pectinate muscles are bordere by the crista terminalis

also called the infundibulum 

• provides support and structure for the pulmonary valve and the beginning of the pulmonary trunk 
• connection between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

septomarginal trabecula

• found in the right ventricle 
• carries the right band of the atrioventricular bundle 
• contract during systole and aid the papillary muscles in coordinating ventricular contraction

The lateral deflection of the anterior border of the left lung to accommodate the heart

both ling have this fissure that seperate the superior and inferior lobes

only the right long has this because it has a 3rd lobe ( middle lobe). this fissue seperate the middle lobe from the superior lobe

the branch of the right main bronchus that enters the middle lobe of the right lung branches of this bronchus ensure that each bronchopulmonary segment is supplied with an airway

• the costodiaphragmatic recess 
• costomediastinal recess

the gutter at the junction between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura

a potential space between the costal pleura and the mediastinal pleura

• pleura of the lungs 
• covers the superior aspect of the lungs

part of the parietal pleura that cover only the rib cage

part of the parietal pleura that covers the diaphram

the medial portion of the paritel pleura of the lungs

• a embryonic remnant of the ductus arteriosus formed within the first 3-4 weeks of embryonic development 
• it connect the aorta and the pulmonary trunk/arteries

• the anterior continuation of the ribs
• they are composed of hyaline cartilage 
• the contribute to the mobility and elasticity of the thoracic cage allowing for movement during respiration
• costal cartilage cover every rib

• shallow depression found along the body of a rib 
• the intercostal bundle ( nerve, artery, and vein) travel along the costal groove
• only ribs 2-12 have this costal groove.

The anterior mediastinum is the portion of the mediastinum anterior to the pericardium and below the thoracic plane. It forms the anterior part of the inferior mediastinum, and contains the thymus, lymph nodes, and may contain the portions of a retrosternal thyroid.

The Posterior Mediastinum is an irregular triangular space running parallel with the vertebral column; it is bounded in front by the pericardium above, and by the posterior surface of the diaphragm below, behind by the vertebral column from the lower border of the fourth to the twelfth thoracic vertebra, and on either side by the mediastinal pleura. It contains the thoracic part of the descending aorta, the azygos and the two hemiazygos veins, the vagus and splanchnic nerves, the esophagus, the thoracic duct, and some lymph glands.

the largest subdivision of the inferior mediastinum. It contains several important organs, vessels, nerves and lymphatic structures.Organs

The middle mediastinum contains the heart, and its protective sheath, the pericardium. It also contains the tracheal bifurcation and the left and right main bronchi.Vessels

• The middle mediastinum is associated with the origins of the great vessels that run to and from the heart:
• Ascending aorta – the first part of the aorta, which arises from the aortic orifice. It moves upwards, exiting the fibrous pericardium and entering the superior mediastinum – where it then becomes the aortic arch. The ascending aorta gives rise to two branches; the left and right coronary arteries.
• Pulmonary trunk – gives rise to the left and right pulmonary arteries. The trunk itself is relatively short and wide, allowing a large volume of blood to pass through it.
• Superior vena cava – returns deoxygenated blood from the upper half of the body. It is formed by the right and left brachiocephalic veins.

formed by the reflection of the serous pericardium onto the pulmonary veins

seperates the aorta and pulmonary artery from the superior vena cava

A double layer of visceral mesoderm supporting the heart in the pericardial cavity

a large are in the pleura sac where the costal pleura becomes the mediastinal pleura

left second intercostal space / lateral to the sternal angel

right second intercostal space / lateral to the sternal angle

left fifth intercostal space, 8cm away from midline

left fourth intercostal space/ just lateral to the sternum

Costal cartilage of rib 2, thus rib 2

• 3-11 from from thoracic aorta
• 1-2 com from superior intercostal artery

the azygos?

internal thoracic and musculophrenic veins.

• a ligament of the diaphragm that goes around the esophagus
• there is a lft and right portion 
• it is thether for muscle contraction as well

• comes from the sympathetic trunk ganglia
• associated wtih T nerve 5-9 
• sympathetic fibers that vessels and viscera associated with the celiac trunk

the sympathethic trunk