Lecture #46

Home

Get App

Create

endospore
- made by bacillius and clostridia
- they are alive but metobalically dormant
- it is dry
- highly resistant to chemicals and radiation
- has the ability to germinate
structure of endospore
- they have multiple layers around the DNA
- core
- cortex
- core wall
- exosporium
- spore coat
what are the proesses tha form spores

sporulation ( during lack of nutrients)and germination
what gives endospores resistance ?
- spore wall( stop chemical from getting into the inside of cells)
- SASPs ( small acid soluable protein
- Ca++/ Dipicolinic acids (DPA)
- the two above bind to DNa and change it from B DNa to A (dry form)
- this creates damage repair enzyme and the type of damage that is acculmuated
Bacillus types
- anthracis
- cereus
what is bacillus ?
- gram positive bacteria
- aerobic
Clostridia types
- Botulinum
- tetani
- perfringens
- difficile
what is Clostridia ?
- anaerobic
- gram positive
C.difficile

Treatment: fecal transplant ( get feces from others to restore your normal flora)
How to bacteria divide

Binary fission and vertical gene transfer
Horizontal Gene transfer
- this is how bacteria have diversity in their genes and evolve
- there are three main mechanism
- conjugation
- transformation
- general transduction
conjugation

when bacteria exchange plasmids though a conjugation pilus (sex pilus)
transformation

allow bacteria to pick up naked dna that is outside of the cell
trasnduction

bacteria pick up gene from viruses
strict aerobes
- use aerobic respiration
- they make catylase and superoxydismutase to deal with oxygen free radicals
strict anaerobic resipiration
- use anaerobic respiration
- 24ATP/1 molecule
facultative anerobes
- can doboth aerobic and anaerobic respiration (fermentation)
- they make superoxide dismutase and catalase
- prefer to be aerobic
aerotolerant anerobes

also called fermenters
what kind of PH do bacteria/microbes like?
- slightly basic 7.4
- there are varying microbes that like different ph for example acidophile and alkalophiles.
which temperature prefering microbes attack humans?
- mesophiles
- grow from around 12 degrees celcius to about 45 degrees celcius

Author

Iana

353094

Card Set

Lecture #46

Description

Microbiology Bacteria II

Updated

2020-09-09T17:19:16Z

Show Answers