Lecture #38

• The thoracic wall 
• the thoracic cavity

1-7

• 8-10 
• they are attach to the costal cartilage and not the sternum itself

• superior and inferior
• boundaries of the thorax

• capitular joint 
• costotransverse joint

the sternocostal joint

interchondral joint

• the external intercostals
• the internal intercostals
• the transverse thoracis
• diaphram
• innermost intercostals

• the internal thoracic a.
• gives rise to anterior intercostal arteries
• terminal are musculophrenic and superior epigastric

• muscles 
• bones
• fascia

• (4)
• sternocleidomastoid
• Scalene
• innermost intercostal 
• external intercostal ( chondral portion)

• internal intercostal 
• Rectus abdominus
• Ex. oblique
• Int.Oblique
• transervesus ab

• Lungs
• pericardium 
• Great Vessels
• Thrachea & Bronchi 
• Esophagus 
• Thymus Gland
• Nuerovasculature 
• Thoracic Duct

the sternum moves up and out ( superior and anterially) and this trags the upper ribs anteriorall?

moving ribs superior and laterally during inspiration

• the diaphram is high 
• the thoracic volume and abdominal volume is low

the diaphram is low ( contraction of the diaphram) , it descend and the abdomical pressure and the thoracic volume is high

• inspiration : the diaphragm is the most important muscle 
• expiration =: passive recoil of the diaphragm

contraction of diaphram intercostal muscles and accessory muscles

• sternocleomastoid 
• scalene 
• external intercost
• interal intercost

• theses are segments of the lungs that have their own blood supply .
• 10 on right also dictates the segmental bronchi
• 8 on left

this is the branching off of the trachea into the lobar branchi and the

• u-shaped carilgae ending of the trachea and goes toward the left side of the trachea
• making the main brocnhus on the left side narrow and longer and comes down from a shallower angel 
• the right main bonchus is wide and shorter and comes down steeper  ( it is also more inline with the trachea )

to ward the righ side because it is more in line with the trachae

There is little or no afferent( sensory information coming from the visceral pleura)

• membranous layer that surround the inside of your pleural cavity
• there is two types:
• parietal ( motor)
• viscera ( sensory)

• from the laryngotracheal diverticulum. It stem from the gut tube and create the lung buds
• the lung buds grow laterally into that pleural cavity

• visceral is directly attached to the lung
• the parital pleural surrounds the visceral pleura.
• Between the two there is a pleural fluid

• the pressure inside this space is lower than atmospheric pressure
• this helps the lungs stay inflated

• It is a somatic structure 
• the innervation for this pleura is the intercostal and phrenic nerves

This is because there is so little sensory innervation at the visceral pleura so disease can progress until they are transfered to the paritel pluera where they will give off localized pain.

• during week 4-5
• the lateral septums of the body wall move and grown inferiority and medially
• until they meet the dorsalmesocardium
• to create plueral pericardial septa 

the mesotheial lining it becomes the future parietal pleura

the small space btw the visceral and parietal pleura that had Serous pleural fluid created by the paritel pluera

• it is a lubricant 
• and creates surface tension that helps the visceral pleura to adhere to the paritel pleura

having too much space in the plueral cavity