-
mneumonic to remember the superficial, intermediate and deep muscles of the dorsum of the forearm
- Superficial layer:
- “Big Chocolate Chips, Double Dip Cherries”
- *** For words that start with the same letter, the longer word = the longer muscle!
- Brachioradialis
- !!- This muscle is unique in that it is in the posterior compartment and is therefore innervated by the radial nerve, but unlike the other posterior forearm muscles, it flexes the arm, instead of extending!
- extensor Carpi radialis longus (ECRL)
- extensor Carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
- extensor Digitorum (ED)
- extensor Digiti minimi (EDM)
- extensor Carpi ulnaris (ECU)
- (sometimes this layer is split into superficial and intermediate layers, with ED and EDM making up the intermediate layer, but in my experience on tests and on the wards, just remembering the superficial and deep layers is perfectly fine!).
- Deep layer:
- “Syrup And Peanuts Preferably Included”
- Supinator
- Abductor pollicis longus (APL)
- extensor Pollicis brevis (EPB)
- extensor Pollicis longus (EPL)
- extensor Indicis
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Which muscles of the posterior compartment are innevrated by the radial nerve ?
- The brachioradialis, the anconeus, and the extensor carpi radialis longus.
- muscles that are higher up
-
Which muscles of the posterior arm are innevrated by the deep branch of the radial nerve
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- supinator ( which it pierces )
-
How to remember the innervations of the posterior foreamr muscles.
- All the other muscles that are not innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve or the radial nerve are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve
- any muscles that go to the finger are innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve
-
there is a posterior interoseous artery, what is significant about it ?
- It runs with the posterior interosseous nerve
- comes from the common interosseous branch of the ulnar artery.
-
Anatomical snuffbox
- made up of the extensor policis brevis and the extensor pollicis longus tendon
- this where you find the radial artery and under the radial artery is the scaphoid bone
-
Palmar brevis attachements
medial aspect of the palmar aponeurosis and skin over the hypothenar evidence
-
palmar brevis action
wrinkles skin of medial palm ( pinky/ulnar side)
-
Palmar brevis innervation
ulnar nerve
-
Abductor policis brevis attachments
- transverse carpal ligament and tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium
- base of phalanx of the thumb digit 5
-
Abductor policis brevis of action
abductor the thumb (digit 5)
-
abductor policis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of the median nerve
-
Flexor policis brevis attachment
- transverse carpal ligament and tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium
- volar side of the base of phalanx of the thumb digit 5
-
Flexir policis brevis action
flexes the thumb (digit 5)
-
Flexor policis brevis innervation
recurrent branch of the median nerve
-
Opponens policis
- transverse carpal ligament and tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium
- lateral side of the shaft of the first metacarpal bone( thumb digit 5)
-
opponens policis action
Rotates the first metacarpal toward the palm
-
opponens policis innervation
recurrent branch of the median nerve
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Muscles innervated by the Recurrent branch of the median nerve and attached to the transverse carpal ligament and tubercle of the scaphoid & trapezium
- Abductor policis brevis
- flexor policis brevis
- opponens policis
-
muscles innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
- abductor digit minimi
- Flexor digit minimi brevis
- opponens digiti minimi
-
Muscles of the deep palm
- 4 main muscles/ muscles groups
- Lumbricals
- ADDuctor pollicis( 2 heads)
- Palmar interossei
- Dorsal interossei
-
Lumbrical attachements
flexor digitorum profundus tendons and radial side ( aka later side starting with digit 2) of the extensor expansion of digits 2-5
-
lumbrical actions
Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joint and extends the proximal interphalageal joint of digits 2-5
-
What is the innervation for the lumbrical 1 and 2 ?
The median nerve
-
what are the innervations of lumbricals 3 and 4?
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve
-
ADDuctor policis attachements
- The transverse head is attached to the shaft of the third metacarpal
- The oblique head is attached to the second and third metacarpal and adjacent carpal bones
- And, the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the digit 1( aka the thumb)
-
Adductor policis actions
- ADDucts digit 1
- adducts the thumb
- draws the thumb toward the plane of the hand
-
Adductor policis innervation
The depe branch of the ulnar nerve
-
Palmar interossei attachements
- palm side of metacarpal of digits 2,4, and 5
- base of proximal phalanges ad extensor expansion of digit 2,4 and 5
-
Palmar interossei actions
Adducts digits 2,4, and 5 and assissts lumbricals in MCP flexion and DIP PIP extension of digit 2-5
DOES NOT MOVE THE THUMB !
-
innervation of the palmar interossei
The deep branch of the ulnar nerve
-
Dorsal interossei attachments
- the metacarpals of 1-5 ( this includes the thumb all the way to the pinky)
- And, the base od the proximal phalanges and the extensor expansion of digits 2-4
-
Dorsal interossei innervation
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
-
Dorsal interossei actions
abduct digits 2-4 and assist lumbrical in MCP flexion and PIP DIP extension of digits 2-5
-
What hand muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
- Palmar interossei
- Dorsal interossei
- adductor pollicis
- lumbrical 3 and 4
- Hypothenar muscles
-
What hand muscles are innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve?
The Thenar muscles:
- Abductor policis brevis
- Flexor policis brevis
- Opponens policis
-
Pronator Teres attachement?
- medial edpicondyle suprecondylar ridge medial side of the coronoid process
- lateral midshaft of the radius
-
Pronator Teres innervation
median Nerve
-
Pronator Teres action
Pronates and flexes the forearm
-
Flexor Carpi radialis attachments
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- and Base of metacarpals 2–3
-
Flexor Carpi radialis actions
Flexes and abducts the wrist
-
Flexor Carpi radialis innervation
median nerve
-
Palmar longus attachments
- Medial epicondyle of humerus
- Palmar aponeurosis
-
Palmar aponeurosis actions
flexes the wrist
-
Palmar aponeurosis innervation
median nerve
-
Flexor Carpi ulnaris innervation
ulnar nerve
-
Flexor Carpi ulnaris attachments
- Medial epicondyle of humerus and
- Pisiform bone and base of metacarpal 5
-
Flexor Carpi ulnaris actions
Flexes and adducts the wrist
-
Muscles innervated by the median nerve
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Palmar Longus
- Pronator Teres
- ( above are superficial)
- Flexor Digitorum superficialis ( intermediate)
-
Flexor Digitorum superficialis ( intermediate) attachments
- Medial epicondyle of humerus and oblique line of radius
- and Middle phalanges of digits 2–5
-
Flexor digitorum superficialis actions
Flexes PIP of digits 2–5
-
Flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
Median nerve
-
Flexor digitorum profundus actions
Flexes DIP of digits 2–5
-
Flexor digitorum profundus attachments
- Anterior and medial surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
- and Distal phalanges of digits 2–5
-
Flexor digitorum profundus innervation
- lateral half: anterior interosseous n.
- medial half: ulnar nerve
-
Flexor Pollicis longus action
Flex interphalangeal joint of digit 1 the thumb
-
Flexor pollicis longus attachments
- Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
- and base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
-
Flexor pollicis longus innervation
anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve
-
Pronator quadratus innervation
anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve
-
Pronator quadratus attachments
Distal radiu and Distal ulna
-
Pronator quadtratus action
pronates the forearm
-
What are the deep muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm ?
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- and pronator quadratus
- There are 3
-
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm ?
and the intermediate muscle(s)?
- Pass Fail, Pass Fail
- Pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmar longus
- flexor carpi unlaris
- Named from lateral to medial
- Know how to locate on both hands
- intermediate: flexor digitorum superficialis
-
What are the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm ?
- Ancones
- brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digit mini
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- Mneumonic :
A Big Chocolate Chip Double Dipped Cock (Cherry)
-
What are the Deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm
- Mnemonic:
- Syrup And Peanuts preferable included
- Supinator
- Abductos policis longus
- Extensor policis brevis
- Extensor policis longus
- Estensor Indicis
-
Aconeus attachements
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and
Lateral surface of olecranon and posterior surface of proximal ulna
-
Aconeus action
Assits triceps in extension of the elbow
-
Aconeus innervation
Radial nerve
-
Brachioradialis innervation
radial nerve
-
Brachioradilis action
flex forearm in midpronated (neutral postion)
-
Brachioradialis attachments
Proximal two-thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge and Letral surface of the distal radis ( radial styloid process )
-
Extensor carpi radialis longus attachments
Distal lateral suprcondylar ridge and base of second metacarpal
-
Extensor carpi radialis longus actions
Extends and aBducts the hand
-
Extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
Radial nerve
-
Extensor carpi radialis brevis attachments
- Later epicondyle of humerus via the common extensor tendon
- And, base of the 3rd metacarpal (the middle finger )
-
Extensor carpi radialis brevis innervation
Deep branch of the radial nerve
-
Extensor carpi radialis brevis action
Extend and aBducts the hand
-
Extensor digitorum innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve which is the same thing as the deep branch of the radial nerve
-
Extensor digitorum attachments
- lateral epicondyle via the common extensor tendon
- And, the extensor expansions of digit 2-5 ( no thumb) the index, middle, ring, and pinky fingers
-
Extensor digitorum actions
Extends digits 2-5
-
Extensor carpi ulnaris actions
Extends and adducts the hand
-
Extensor carpi ulnaris attachments
lateral epicondyle via the common extensor tendon and base of firth metacarpal ( the pinky )
-
Extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
Posterior interosseous n.
-
Supinator attachment
- later epicondyle via the common extensor tendon
- and the proximal ulna
-
Supinator actions
Supinate forearm
-
Supinator innervation
Deep branch of the radial nerve
-
Abductor pollicis longus attachment
- Posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
- and the base of the first metacarpal ( thumb)
-
What muscles are attache to the Posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
- Abductor pollicis longus
- extensor policis brevie
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor indicis
-
Abductor pollicis longus action
Abducts and extends CMC of thumb
-
Abductor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
-
Extensor pollicis innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
-
Extensor pollicis brevis attachments
- posterior surface of the radius, ulna, and the interosseous membrane
- and base of the distal phalanx of digit 1 ( the thumb)
-
Extensor pollicis brevis action
Extends MCP of the thumb( digit 1)
-
Extensor pollicis longus action
Extends MCP and IP of the thumb
-
Extensor pollicis longus attachments
- Posterior surfaces of the ulna, radius and the interosseous membrane
- Base of distal phalanx of digit 1
-
Extensor pollicis longus actions
Extends MCP and IP of the thumb
-
Extensor pollicis longus innervation
posterior interosseous nerve
-
Extensor indicis attachment
- Posterior surfaces of the radius, ulna, and interosseous membrane
- Extensor expansion of digit 2
-
Extensor indicis action
Extends digit 2
-
Extensor indicis innervation
Posterior interosseous nerve
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