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Tourism product
Consists of tourist attractions and the tourism industry
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Tourist attractions
Specific and generic features of a destination that attract tourists; some, but not all, attractions are part of the tourism industry
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Attraction inventory
A systematic list of the tourist attractions found in a particular destination
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Tourism resources
Features of a destination that are valued as attractions by tourists at some particular point in time; a feature that was a tourism resource 100 years ago may not be perceived as such now
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Natural sites
Geographically fixed attractions that are more natural than constructed; these can be subdivided into topography (physical features), climate, hydrology (water resources), wildlife, vegetation and location
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Iconic attraction
An attraction that is well known and closely associated with a particular destination, such as Mt Fuji (Japan) or the Statue of Liberty (United States)
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Natural events
Attractions that occur over a fixed period of time in one or more locations, and are more natural than constructed
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Ephemeral attraction
An attraction, such as a wildflower display or rarely filled lakebed, that occurs over a brief period of time or on rare occasions only
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Cultural sites
Geographically fixed attractions that are more constructed than natural; these can be classified into prehistorical, historical, contemporary, economic, specialized recreational and retail subcategories
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Dark tourism
Tourism involving sites or events associated with death or suffering, including battlefields and sites of mass killings or assassinations
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Food tourism
Tourism that involves the consumption of usually locally produced food and drink
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Winescapes
A cultural landscape significantly influenced by the presence of vineyards, wineries and other features associated with viticulture and wine production; an essential element of wine-focused food tourism
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Functional adaptation
The use of a structure for a purpose other than its original intent, represented in tourism by canals used by pleasure boaters and old homes converted into bed and breakfasts
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Golfscapes
Cultural landscapes that are dominated by golf courses and affiliated developments
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Cultural events
Attractions that occur over a fixed period of time in one or morel locations, and are more constructed than natural; these include historical commemorations and re-creations, world fairs, sporting events, and festivals
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Attraction attributes
Characteristics of an attraction that are relevant to the management of an area as a tourist destination and thus should be periodically measured and monitored; includes ownership, orientation, spatial configuration, authenticity, scarcity, status, carrying capacity, accessibility, market, and image
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Site hardening
Increasing the visitor carrying capacity of a site through structural and other changes that allow more visitors to be accommodated
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Tourism industry
The businesses providing goods and services wholly or mainly for tourist consumption
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Travel agencies
Businesses providing retail travel services to customers for commission on behalf of other tourism industry sectors
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Disintermediation
The removal of intermediaries such as travel agents from the product/consumer connection
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Transportation
Business involved with the transportation of tourists by air, road, rail, or water
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Freedoms of the air
Eight privileges put in place through bilateral agreements, that govern the global airline industry
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Accommodation
Within the context of the tourism industry, commercial facilities primarily intended to host stayover tourists for overnight stays
Hotels: the most conventional type of tourist accommodation; can be subcategorized into city, convention, airport, resort, and apartment hotels, and motels
Timesharing: an accommodation option in which a user purchases one or more intervals (or weeks) per year in a resort, usually over a long period of time
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Tour operators
Businesses providing a package of tourism-related services for the consumer, including some combination of accommodation, transportation, restaurants, and attraction visits
Outbound tour operators: tour operators based in origin regions that organize and market volume-driven package tours that include transportation, accommodation, attractions, and so on
Inbound tour operators: tour operators that coordinate and manage the component of the package tour within the destination, in cooperation with a partner outbound tour operator
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Merchandise
Goods purchased as part of the anticipated or actual tourism experience; includes tour guidebooks and luggage in the origin region, and souvenirs and duty-free goods in the destination region
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Horizontal integration
Occurs when firms attain a higher level of consolidation or control within their own sector
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Vertical integration
Occurs when a corporation obtains greater control over elements of the product chain outside its own sector
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Globalization
The process whereby the operation of businesses and the movement of capital is increasingly less impeded by national boundaries, and is reflected in a general trend towards industry consolidation, deregulation, and privatization
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