Anatomy Final

From smallest to largest, the levels of organization of the body are

The plane that divides the body into upper and lower parts is the _____ plane

The mediastinum contains all of the following except the:

Which of the following does not describe anatomical position

A frontal section divides the body into _____ portions.

What is the anatomical direction term that means nearer the surface?

A plane through the body that divides the body into right and left sides is called:

Molecules are

Two major cavities of the human body are:

The number of abdominal regions is

An example of a catabolic process is

Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water

The octet rule refers to the

The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are)

The approximate pH of gastric fluid is

An ionic bond is formed by

Which of the following represents a trace element in the body

A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n)

The study of metabolism includes examination of

The kind of element is determined by the number of

The nucleolus is composed chiefly of

A list of the cell fibers from largest to smallest would read

ATP production occurs within which organelle

Which are the organelles that allow for the recycling of amino acids in the cell?

The largest human cell, measuring about 150 μm, is a:

The enzyme catalase is an important chemical in the functioning of the

The cell extension that contains microfilaments is called

In the cell membrane, the hydrophilic part of the phospholipid molecule

The presence of which substance in the cell membrane keeps it from breaking too easily?

The strongest and most durable type of cartilage is

Besides water, extracellular matrix contains

The tip of the nose and the external ear are composed of

Which of the following is not a principal type of tissue

Examples of principal types of tissue

Each hair follicle has a small bundle of involuntary muscles attached to it called the

The union of basal and fibroreticular laminae forms the

Around the sixth month of pregnancy, the developing fetus is almost entirely covered by a fine soft hair coat called the

The two main layers that compose the skin are the dermis and

The structure that lies deep to the dermis and forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body is the

Stratified squamous (keratinized) epithelial cells are found in the

If you are working on an archeological dig and find the remains of a human pelvis with a subpubic angle of 110 degrees, you can assume that this pelvis belongs to a

The dense, white fibrous membrane that covers bone except at joint surfaces is the

Anatomically speaking, which bones compose the wrist?

Anteriorly, each rib of the first seven pairs attaches to the

The extracellular components of bone matrix are

Which of the following is not a bone in the skull

The bone that articulates with the temporal bone in the only movable joint of the skull is the

Which bone is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

Why are the last two pairs of false ribs designated as floating ribs?

The bone that claims the distinction of being the only bone in the body that articulates with no other bones is the

Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot?

Muscles that move the foot

Another name for a skeletal muscle cell is a(n):

There are more than 600 muscles in the body
True False

Another name for a sphincter muscle is a _____ muscle

The covering of individual muscle fibers is the

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?

Muscles located on the lower leg move the

The latissimus dorsi muscle is an example of a _____ muscle

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name?

Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the thigh?

Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves.

functions of the central nervous system (CNS)

The nervous system can be divided

Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating because

The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems

Which is true of a reflex arc?

In the human nervous system:

Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies.

Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have

The white matter of the nervous system is made up of:

The pyramids are formed in the:

The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs.

Sensory neurons can operate in autonomic reflex arcs
True False

The main divisions of the central nervous system are the:

Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae?

The brainstem does not include the:

Impulses from which system play a part in arousing or alerting the cerebrum?

If you were to damage some of the preganglionic fibers that enter the celiac ganglion, what effect would this have on sympathetic stimulation?

characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons

The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the

The yellow area of the tongue presented above are the taste buds for

Identify the letter that indicates the transparent portion of the fibrous layer

Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid

Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children

Gustatory cells are located

Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers

Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye

The basilar membrane supports the

Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule

describe the spiral organ of Corti

Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function.

Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function.

Identify the letter that indicates the common carotid arteries.

Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the

A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called

All of the following are granulocytes

lymphocytes are granulocytes
True False

After blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the

Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta

Blood from the brachiocephalic vein drains into the

Which sphincters function as regulatory valves that reduce the flow of blood through a network of capillaries when they contract and constrict the arterioles

The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called

Mechanical devices that permit the flow of blood in one direction only are called

In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network.

Renal veins drain blood from the

Identify the letter that indicates inguinal lymph nodes that filter lymph from the lower limbs.

Identify the letter that indicates where lymph collected from the right arm enters the bloodstream.

The movement of phagocytes from blood vessels to an inflammation site is called

Which organ has several functions, including defense, hematopoiesis, red blood cell and platelet destruction, and blood reservoir?

_____ refers to a phenomenon in which the genetic characteristics common to a particular kind of organism provide defense against certain pathogens.

The internal environment of the human body is protected by the _____, which is(are) referred to as the first line of defense.

The presentation of an antigen by an antigen-presenting cell activates the T cell. The cell then divides repeatedly to form a clone of identical sensitized T cells that form

Lymphocytes that kill many types of tumor cells and cells infected by different kinds of viruses are known as

Which antibody is synthesized by immature B cells and then inserted into their plasma membranes

The lymphatic system serves various functions in the body. The two most important functions of this system are

A tumor of the lymphoid tissue is called

Which of the following is a powerful poison that acts directly on any cell and quickly kills it?

The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:

Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx

The more common name for the pharynx is the

Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate

Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx?

The external openings to the nasal cavities can be referred to as:

The anatomical division of the pharynx that is located behind the mouth from the soft palate above to the level of the hyoid bone below is called the:

Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:

The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm

Which of the following is not an anatomical part of the small intestine

anatomical parts of the small intestine

Phagocytic cells lining liver sinusoids are called _____ cells.

Which of the following organs has a mucosal layer that is composed of columnar epithelium with a brush border of microvilli to enhance absorption?

Approximately how much saliva do the three pairs of compound tubuloalveolar glands (parotids, submandibulars, and sublinguals) secrete each day?

lobes of the liver

The type of tissue designed for absorption and secretion found throughout much of the GI tract is _____ epithelium.

The fan-shaped projection of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the

Which of the following salivary glands produces only a mucus type of saliva?

Which of the following structures is anatomically the longest?

Bile is secreted by

In the kidney, blood flows from the interlobular artery into the:

Reabsorption, as performed in the kidney, may be defined as the

Of all the blood pumped per minute by the heart, approximately ____ goes through the kidneys.

The portion of the nephron that empties into a calyx is the:

Which hormone tends to decrease the amount of urine produced

Which of the following is not a part of the glomerular-capsular membrane

A drop in systemic blood pressure would cause the filtration rate to

Urine is conducted from the kidney to the urinary bladder through a tube called the

Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose

One difference between the male urethra and the female urethra is the male urethra is

In the male reproductive system, the essential organs of reproduction are called

Identify the letter that indicates the ejaculatory duct.

The final stage in the process of ovarian follicle development is the

The dense, white, fibrous capsule that encases each testis is called the:

The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the

Mechanical support and protection for developing germ cells in the testis are provided by:

The uterus is suspended between two folds of parietal peritoneum that form a partition across the pelvic cavity. These ligaments are _____ ligaments.

The efferent ductules

The region between the vaginal orifice and the anus is called the

The layer that is incomplete because it covers none of the cervix and only part of the body is called the

Which letter indicates the umbilical region?

Which letter indicates the popliteal region?

Which letter indicates the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Which letter indicates the plasma membrane?

Which letter indicates microvilli?

Which letter indicates projections from the dermis that reduce blister formation?

Which letter indicates a cellular junction that prevents molecules from passing between epithelial cells?

Which letter indicates cells that produce melanin in the hair root?

Identify the letter that indicates the Linea alba.

Identify the letter that indicates the Masseter.

Identify the letter that indicates the Orbicularis oris.

Identify the letter that indicates the Deltoid.

Identify the letter that indicates the region of a neuron with a name that means "little hill."

Identify the letter that indicates a Schwann cell.

Identify which diagram represents a cell that produces a myelin sheath in the central nervous system.

Which letter indicates the primary visual cortex, which receives information from neurons in the retina of the eye?

Which letter indicates a tactile corpuscle (Meissner's corpuscle) that is responsive to light pressure?

Which letter indicates the celiac ganglion and plexus?

Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate

Identify the letter that indicates a gland that secretes corticosteroids.

Identify the letter that indicates an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels.

Identify the letter that indicates the hypophysis.

Identify the letter that indicates the formed element of the blood that is packed with molecules of hemoglobin.

Identify the letter that indicates the left common carotid artery.

Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size.

Identify the letter that indicates the fraction of leukocytes that represents lymphocytes.

Identify the letter that indicates anchor points for chordae tendineae, composed of cells from the myocardium.

Identify the letter that indicates collagen fibers that anchor lymphatic capillaries to surrounding connective tissue.

Identify the letter that indicates lymph nodes that direct lymph fluid to the jugular trunks.

Identify the letter that indicates structures that assist in filtering, heating, and humidifying inspired air.

Identify the letter that indicates Ciliated cells in this layer transport mucus laden with dust, bacteria, pollen, and viruses towards the pharynx.

Identify the letter that indicates the cartilage that has a laryngeal prominence that is also known as the "Adam's apple."

Identify the letter that indicates the cardia of the stomach.

Identify the letter that indicates the cystic duct.

Identify the letter that indicates the root canal.

Identify the letter that indicates the major calyx.

Identify the letter that indicates the vasa recta.

Identify the letter that indicates the region of the nephron with receptors sensitive to antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Identify the letter that indicates the efferent arteriole.

Identify the letter that indicates the site of sperm maturation and storage.

Identify the letter that indicates the cervix.

Identify the letter that indicates the gland that secretes lubricating mucus into the vaginal orifice.

Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, and endoplasmic reticulum are examples o

The abdominal quadrants are located with what structure as their midpoint

Popliteal refers to the

The lungs are located in the

Molecules are:

The smallest living units of structure and function in the body are

describe anatomical position

Several kinds of tissues working together are termed a(n)

The reproductive system includes

The abdominopelvic cavity contains

The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called

The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction?

major elements present in the human body

Atomic mass is determined by the number of

When atoms combine, they may gain, lose, or share

properties of water?

AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction.

Which organelles consist of vesicles that have pinched off from the Golgi apparatus?

The membranous structure containing substances that protect the cell from harm are

Damage to the centrosome and centrioles in a cell would have the greatest impact on which cell function?

Which organelle processes and packages material to be secreted?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

The fluid environment that fills the spaces between the cells of the body is called

Cells in a tissue are surrounded by or embedded in a complex extracellular material called a

A lubricating substance produced by goblet cells is called

The conducting unit of the nerve tissue is the

The two major categories of body membranes are

Which of the following contains intercalated disks

The skin glands include three kinds of microscopic glands. They are the __________ glands.

primary germ layer

example of a serous membrane

Which two bones join to form the posterior part of the hard palate

Which of the following is a bone in the axial skeleton

types of bone

Compact bone contains many cylinder-shaped structural units called

The joint between the pubic portions of each coxal bone is the

the appendicular skeleton includes

Which letter indicates the supraorbital foramen?

muscles that move the upper arm

the trapezius moves the upper arm
True False

Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the

Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane

group of pennate muscles

Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight

Which of the following body systems assists the muscles in maintaining posture?

The soleus muscle is an example of a _____ muscle

Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve?

Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of:

Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves

Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have

The nervous system is organized to do which of the following?

Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier

The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate

A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):

The areas specializing in language functions are found in the left cerebral hemisphere in

Beta receptors

The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the:

The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the:

The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial

Effectors that have single innervation by the autonomic nervous system are innervated only by the parasympathetic division.
True False

Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are

The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve

All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except

Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for movements of the tongue?

Identify the letter that indicates the middle ear ossicle that is known as the stirrup

Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing

Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers

Receptors for hearing are located in the

Endolymph is made

Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells.

The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the

Identify the letter that indicates the location of the bundle branches.

Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins

The free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the

Which division of the autonomic nervous system sends fibers to the heart?

The heart has its own special covering, a loose-fitting inextensible sac called the

Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium?

During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs?

The normal cardiac impulse that initiates mechanical contraction of the heart arises in the

The normal ECG is composed of

Identify the letter that indicates where most nutrient and waste exchange occurs between the tissue and bloo

Molecules formed by the reactions of the complement cascade assemble themselves on the enemy cell’s surface, which results in

The functions of the lymph nodes are

Bean-shaped structures located at certain intervals along the lymphatic system are

Activities that result in central movement or flow of lymph are called

Which protein interferes with the ability of viruses to cause disease?

Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity.

The _____ postulates that when an antigen enters the body, it selects the clone whose cells are committed to synthesizing its specific antibody and stimulates these cells to proliferate and to thereby produce more antibodies.

The body’s defense mechanisms can be organized into one of two major categories of immune mechanisms; these are

In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:

Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane?

lined with a ciliated mucous membrane

The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the

Gas exchange, the lungs’ main and vital function, takes place in the:

Which of the following is not a function of the pharynx?

function of the pharynx

The small openings in the cribriform plate function to

The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to

The function of surfactant is to:

Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.
True False

The proper anatomical order for the divisions of the colon is

accessory organs of the digestive system

The right angle between the transverse colon and the ascending colon is the:

Which of the following organs has a mucosa layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium that resists abrasion?

The numerous small elevations on the surface of the tongue that support taste buds are called:

The substance that forms the outer covering of the neck and root of a tooth is:

An incision into the wall of the GI tract would cut, in order, from superficial to deep

The substance most often measured to determine normal kidney function is:

Approximately how much blood flows through the kidneys per minute?

ADH has the greatest effect on the reabsorption of water in the:

part of the glomerular-capsular membrane

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.

There are how many openings in the urinary bladder?

The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped.

Which of the following is not true concerning the uterus?

Identify the letter that indicates the region of the uterus known as the fundus.

Identify the letter that indicates the female erectile tissue that is homologous to the penis.

supporting structures of the male reproductive system

Which of the following is not a supporting structure of the male reproductive system?

The fundus of the uterus is the:

effects of testosterone

Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone?

A surgeon removing a gallbladder should know to find it in the _____ region.

An organization of many similar cells that are specialized to perform a certain function is called a(n):

characteristics of life

Balance is a characteristic of life. T/F?
True False

An organ is one organizational level higher than a(n)

The reproductive system includes the ureter. T/F?
True False

The mediastinum contains

Zinc is one of the major elements present in the human body. T/F?
True False

Which of the following bonds are the weakest

The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell

Characteristics of ribosomes

The identification function of the cell membrane is carried out by the

Skin cells (epithelial) are held tightly together by

Which of the following organelles is considered a nonmembranous organelle?

Which cell extension lacks a central pair of microtubules, is not found in blood cells, and functions in the kidney to monitor urine flow

Which of the following contains osteocytes?

Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and can be found lining the kidney tubules?

Which principal type of tissue covers and protects body surfaces and lines body cavities?

The dermis is composed of two layers, a thin papillary layer and a thick _____ layer

Which of the following tissues lacks a direct blood supply and consequently heals very slowly?

All glands in the body can be classified as either

Which structures are unique to the fetal skull and provide additional space for molding the head shape as the baby passes through the birth canal?

Of the five metacarpal bones that form the framework of the hand, the _____ metacarpal forms the most freely movable joint with the carpal bones.

The medial part of the anterior chest wall is supported by a dagger-shaped bone called the

Which of these pelvic bones is the most anteriorly placed?

_____ fibers are present in all three types of cartilage, but they are most numerous in fibrocartilage.

The main shaft-like portion of a long bone is the

Which letter indicates a pad of a fibrocartilage known as the pubic symphysis?

A muscle is attached to the femur and tibia. Its function or action is to bend the knee. When it contracts, it is acting as the

The covering of individual muscle fibers is the:

The teres major and teres minor muscles move the:

about insertion and origin

Parts of the rotator cuff muscles

The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Which of the following is true

Biceps femoris is a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group. T/F?
True False

Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the

Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating because microglia lay down scar tissue. T/F?
True False

Along a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is:

The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system:

A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n):

Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem.
True False

Some parasympathetic postganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in nuclei in the brainstem.T/F
True False

Thoracic is a plexus of the spinal nerves.T/F
True False

Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin?

The autonomic nervous system includes only efferent neurons. T/F
True False

There are _____ ventricles in the brain

All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. T/F
True False

Which plexus contains nerves that innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm

Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells

Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin.

Largest purely endocrine gland in the body

Which of the following endocrine glands develops primarily from the endoderm of the pharynx?

Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel layer that is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

Which two factors promote the return of venous blood to the heart?

A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is

Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as:

During pregnancy, what happens to the oxygenated blood returned from the placenta via the umbilical vein

A plane through the body that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is

An x-ray technician has been asked to make x-ray films of the liver. Which of the abdominopelvic regions must be included?

The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction

Functions of the integral membrane proteins

The ____ is often called the microtubule organizing center

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum makes lipids and carbohydrates. T/F?
True False

Projections from the cell that move materials and mucus are called

Tiny indentations of the plasma membrane that resemble caves are called

Describe structure or function of the proteasome

A specialized cell structure that propels the sperm is the

The structure in cells that is associated with the enzymatic breakdown (digestion) of foreign material is the

Granules or threads within the nucleus are called:

Which of the following recognize and destroy nonself cells?

Which cell fiber serves as part of our “cellular muscles?”

Rafts are stiff groupings of membrane molecules. What is their function?

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum provides a site for ribosome attachment.T/F
True False

The mixed secretions of sebaceous and ceruminous glands form a brown waxy substance called the

Which of the following is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

The epidermis is composed of several types of epithelial cells. One type, called keratinocytes, become filled with a tough, fibrous protein called

Epiderm is a primary germ layer. T/F?
True False

The connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones and joints are called _____ membranes.

Adipose tissue is

Of the many different kinds of protein compounds in the body, which is the most abundant?

Types of connective tissue

Which bone serves as the keystone in the architecture of the cranium?

The vertebral bones that support the small (lower section) of the back are the

The largest sesamoid bone in the body is the

Bone marrow is a specialized type of soft, diffuse connective tissue called

Which lower leg bone is smaller and is located laterally

appendicular skeleton

axial skeleton

The muscle(s) assisting in rotating the arm outward is (are) the

Pectoralis minor is a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle. T/F?
True False

When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs. T/F?
True False

Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover are called

Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the

The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the

Moving from superficial to deep, the connective tissue components would be

The most common type of lever in the body is a _____-class lever

The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the

The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the

In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized?