what is the sensorimotor stage? What is the age range and give an example
- babies explore with touch, taste, smell, and sound
- 0-2 years old
- ex. jenny would rather taste the shoe than wear it on her foot
What is the preoperational stage? What is the age range?
children engage in symbolic imaginary play
- 2-7 years old
Sexual characteristics that develop during puberty and differentiate between the sexes but are not directly involved in reproduction, such as male facial hair and female breast development, are called:
secondary sex characteristics
which of the following is TRUE about romantic relationships in adolescence?
B. serious romantic relationships are common during adolsecence and can lead to enhanced feelings of self-worth and competence
parents who explain the reasons for insisting that their children behave in a certain way, including the consequences and effects of misbehavior, are using a form of disapline called:
induction
sara is fascinated with putting everything in her mouth. she is displaying which stage of piagets model?
sensorimotor stage
lucas and troy went to the grovery store. the boys began to pretend that they were cashiers, when they arrive home. They are displaying which stage of piagets model?
preoperationl
Parents who state: Do what i say, no questions asked are displaying what parental style?
the authoritarian- parenting approach
jason is 18 months of age and his mother neglects him on a regular basis. as a result, jason does not trust anyone and displays a great deal of fear an anxiety. Erik Ericsson would say that he is in what stage of psychosocial development?
trust vs. mistrust
what is egocentrism
i want it so i assume you want it too.
-
what is centration
the situation is important but i want what i want
- have to be on time to pick daddy up from the airport.. start to leave but i forgot mr. bubbles.. i have to have mr. bubbles right now
what is conservation
the bigger glass has the most liquid
you gave julie the bigger one
what is concrete operational stage and age range
(7-adolescence)
- children can think logically on by what they see
what is formal operational stage and the age ranks
(adolescence- adulthood)
Individuals can think in logical, hypothetical and in abstract ideas
-children can achieve higher with adult instruction
- zone of proximal development- what children can do with and without assistance
- information processing model- you grow wiser with age
.. these are part of whose study
Lev Vygotsky
who was it that criticized Piagets object permanence theory and believed that some babies have the ability to understand object permanance
Renee Baillargeon
how many pairs of chromosomes do you get from each parent
23
what does DNA do
provides genetic instruction and provides development of organisms
each chromosome has 1,000's of DNA stands called
Genes
XX is what sex chromosome
female
XY is what sex chromosome
male
germinal stage of neonatal development
egg becomes zygote.
zygote travels down fallopian tubes performing cell division, reaches uterus and embeds into the wall
embryonic stage of neonatal development
occurs 2-8th week of pregnancy. Embryo divides into 3 layers
what are the 3 layers of an embryo
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
the ectoderm is what
outer layer of embryo
the mesoderm is what
middle layer or embryo
the endoderm is what
inner layer of embryo
the embryo becomes a fetus when?
the umbilical cord is formed
at approximately how many months does the mother experience fetal movement
4 months
what is the rooting reflex
the baby turn towards the source that touches their mouth
what is the sucking reflex
occurs when infants mouth is touched
grasping reflex
holding on to things
T or F
-within hours infants show a preference to their mother
true
T or F
- all babies differ in their temperament
true
true or false
when a baby is born he/she can immediatly distinguish between voices
true
what do securely attached infants do
explore a little periodically returning to mom
what do insecurely attached infants do
completly ignore mom leaving
who developed the "strange situation" technique
mary d salter
by age 3 babies will have learned over _________ words
3000
__________ __________ states that children are born equipped to learn any language
noam chomsky
first year of life babies learn____
speach patterns
how do deaf babies communicate
babble with their hands
T or F
language sequence tends to differ for all cultures
false
cooing and babbling language developement stage
3 mo- ooo... aaaahhh
9 mo- babies babble more in their own language
one-word stage
mama, ba ba, daddy
two-word stage
no potty!!
where doggie?
T or F
babies tend to understand more than they can communicate. they may know exactly what they want but might only be able to communicate two words of it.
true
what is adolescence
transition from childhood to adulthood
what is puberty
sexual maturity capable of reproduction.
what influences puberty
health
environment
nutrition
what are the primary sex organs
reproduction organs
what are the secondary sex organs
height
weight
voice change
bodily hair
rapid change in height and weight
growth spurt
what is menarche
a females first menstrual cycle
what might be a negative to early matuation
get picked on
what might develop in people that go through a late maturation
might develop a negative body image
trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs. doubt
intuitive vs guilt
are examples from ______ theory
erik ericsson
what is the negative resolution of Trust Vs. Mistrust, & what life stage does it affect
- infancy (birth to 18mo)
- physical and psychological neglect by caregivers leads to fear, anxiety, and mistrust of the environment
what is the negative resolution of autonomy vs doubt and what life stage does this affect
-toddlerhood (18mo-3yrs)
- overly restrictive caregiving leads to self-doubt in abilities and low to self-esteem
what is the negative resolution to initiative vs guilt and what life stage does it affect
- early childhood (3-6yrs)
- parental overcontrol stifles the child's spontaneity, sense of purpose, and social learning; promotes guilt and fear of punishment
what is the negative resolution of industry vs inferiority and what life stage does it affect
middle and late childhood (6 to 12 yrs)
- negative experiences with parents or failure to "keep up" with peers leads to pervasive feelings or inferiority and inadequency
what is the negative resolution of identity vs role confusion and what life stage does it affect
adolescence
- an apathetic asolescent or one who experiences pressures an demands from others may feel confusion about his or her identity and role in society
what is the negative resolution of intimacy vs isolation and what life stage does it affect
young adulthood
- because of fear of rejection or excessive self-preoccupation, the young adult is unable to form close, meaningful relationships and becomes psychologically isolated
what is the negative resolution of generativity vs stagnation and what life stage does it affect
middle adulthood
- self-indulgence, self-absorption, and a preoccupation with ones own needs lead to a sense of stagnation, boredom,and a lack of meaningful accomplishments
what is the negative resolutions of ego integrity vs despair and what life stage does it affect
late adulthood
in looking back on his or her life, the older adult experiences regret, dissatisfaction, and disappointment about his or her life and accomplishments
when you transition into adulthood what types of changes are you likely to go through
physical
adoption of new social roles
self definition evolves
identity-your beliefs and values
what is the age range of early adulthood
20-30
what is the age range of middle adulthood
40s-60s
what is the age range of late adulthood
60s plus
what is ego identity
look back and feel accomplished
what is despair
disappointment or regret in life
what is the authoritarian parenting style
do what i say; no questions asked
what is the permissive parenting style
tolerant, not demanding few rules
what is the authoritative parenting style
warm, responsive, set age appropriate rules
what is the induction parenting style
reprimanding with teaching
emotional stages of dying
anger
denial
bargaining
depression
acceptance
the anxiety of dying peaks at what life stage
middle adulthood
at what ages do children realize there is a difference in boys and girls
18mo-2yrs)
preschoolers distinguish opposite sex by..
dress
hairstyle
what is intersexed
both male and femal parts
what is transgendered
physically one sex but desire to be another
what is transsexual
surgically changed from one sex to another.
what is sex
male and female/intercourse
what is gender
masculinity and femininity
what is gender role
prescribed roles of men and women.
what is sexual orientation
the gender you prefer to be with
gender-role sterotypes
what men and women should act like
men- should not be babysitters and cooks
women should not be truck drivers
what is social psychology
how individuals think feel and behave in social situations
what is social cognition
how we interpret other peoples behaviors and how our behavior is affected by our attitude
what is social influence
how our behavior is affected by other people and situations
what is person perception
how we judge others
what is social categorization
you group people according to how they look (race, gender, age and so on)
what is implicit personality theory
a network of assumptions about types of people and behaviors
what is attribution
inferring why someone displays a behavior
what is fundemental attribution error
behavior occurred because of internal factors; ignoring external and situational factors
what is blaming the victim
the victim could have avoided the issue if this or that had been done
what is just-world hypothesis
people get what they get
what is actor-observer discrepancy
your behaviors are the result of external influence. the behavior of others are influenced internally
what is self-serving bias
success is due to internal causes failure due to external causes
what is attitude
a learned why to evaluate a certain situation negatively or positively
what is cognitive dissonance
two thoughts that conflict; you change behavior to justify attitude
what is prejudice
negative attitude towards a particular people group
what is sterotypes
assumptions made about other people groups
what is in-groupd
the group you are in
what is out-groups
the group you are not in
what is out-group homogeneity
individuals from an in-group begin to see similarities to there group in an out-group
what is in-group bias
your groups behaviors are more favorable than the out-groups
what is ethnocentrism
your culture is the best and should judge all other culture
what was stanley milgrams study about
obedience
- participants would shock someone if they thought they were doing a service to science
altruism
helping others without expecting payment
what is prosocial behavior
any behavior that helps another whether selfish or not
what is the bystander effect
the greater number of people present the less likely someone is to help
what is diffusion of responsibility
people tend not to help because the resopnsibility is shared by the onlookers
what is social loafing
people tend to help less when it is a group effort
what is social facilitation
you perform better when people are watching if the tash is learned
what is deindividuation
people do more things in a group that is anonymous than when they are identified as members of the group
