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Qing dynasty population
300,000,000
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Qing dynasty imports
Cotton, silver, opium
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Qing dynasty exports
Silk, porcelain, tea
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How did First opium war start
10,000 chests of opium dumped in Humen (southern port of canton)
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How did the first opium war end?
Treaty of nanjing, British get special trading rights in Hong Kong and 5 other ports, tax free residency in China ports for British, allowed English and Dutch to become most powerful trading powers
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Second opium war results
Allowed Britain to open more ports in China and occupy Beijing
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Taiping rebellion causes
- Caused by opium losses- too many foreigners
- (After opium wars)
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Taiping revolution events 1851-64
Led by Hong xiquan- younger brother of Jesus Christ- wanted to drive out foreigners- say no to opium, British sided with Qing and suppressed revolt, 20 million died
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Self strengthening movement (after taiping rev)
China adopted western technology, shortage of capital and competency, failed
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Boxer rebellion (after self strength movement)
Intended to drive foreigners out of Beijing, trained people in Chinese martial arts
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1911 rebellion
Caused by foreign invaders and nationalism. Chinese nationalist party (guomindang)- led by western educated sun Yat-sen, wanted improvements and change- replaced by jiang jieshi
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May fourth movement (1919)
China rebellions to (WWI) treaty of Versailles harsh treatment of China- led by Mao Zedong- leader of Chinese communist party. Anti-warlords (anti-nationalists)
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May fourth civil war
- Nationalists (war lords- Jiang jieshi) seige communists.
- Communists do the long march- regroup and give control to Mao Zedong
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Chinese civil war (1949)
- Jiang jieshi and nationilsts defeated- exiled to Taiwan.
- Mao Zedong and communists win- people’s republic of China.
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Mao Zedong reign
- Great Leap Forward- attempt at rapid industrialization caused 30 million deaths.
- Great proletarian revolution- attack on culture, hurt Chinese economics because of chaos.
- Split with Russians in 1962
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Deng Xiaoping changes
Successor to Mao Zedong. Private agriculture, export technology, one child per family
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Japan
- Empower was religious figure.
- Shogun- military and political rulers. daimyos- nobles. Samurai- warriors.
- Practiced Tokugawa shogunate- isolationism.
- American Perry forces japan to open up trade.
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Mejia restoration in Japan
End of isolationism. End of four class legal system. Copied France and german military. Adopted western economics. Led to Russo and sino wars- ww2
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Japan (WWI 1937)
Hiroshima nd Nagasaki bombed- Japan surrender. General Douglas MacArthur is Japan ruler, new constitution- US rights.
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1952 JAPAN peace treaty with US
Technology shared. Imported and exported w each other.
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Senegambian kingdom trade
Traded with Islamic world and over the Atlantic with Americas
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Senegambian kingdom culture
- Agricultural villages produced yams, Millet, sorghum.
- Families were polygamous
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When did slave trade end for Britain US and Cuba/Brazil?
- GB- 1807
- US- 1808
- South America- 1860s
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Scramble for Africa (1884)
Berlin conference decided distribution of African control. Britain France Germany Belgium Portugal Italy
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European settlement in South Africa
Gold and diamond rich land settled by boers (descendants of Dutch farmers and traders) in 1653. British try to claim it- Boer war- boers win.
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WEB Dubois and pan africanism
- civil right activist for African Americans founded NAACP- equal rights for blacks.
- Led pan African congresses- petitioned ww1 allied powers to adopt charter for black human rights for their military service
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Pan Africanism after ww2
Kwame Nkrumah- political leader in Ghana
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South Africa after ww2
European population, African national congress party sought to end apartheid policy and open democracy, Nelson mandela- leader of national party dismantled apartheid system, apartheid system (segregation) ended in 1991.
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After Latin American independence
No experience of self government and lack of shared political culture = caudillismo- strong man leads country by charisma and force.
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Brazil’s independence
Did not fall into caudillismo. BEFORE- king John of Portugal escaped Napoleon and declared himself king of Brazil. Left for Portugal and his son Pedro I declares himself emporer.
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Pedro I
- Political stability- no revolutions.
- Constitution in 1824
- taken back to Portugal in 1831.
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Pedro II
Emporer at age of 14. British controlled trade with sugar and coffee. Slave trade ended by request of British in exchange for complete independence in 1888
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Brazil republic 1889
Becoming less of a monarchy. Vargas is president in 1930 but later dictator. Rapid industrialization- import subistution. Tariffs
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Mexican rule in late 1800s
Porfirio Diaz- ruled as dictator, foreign investors in oil railroads.
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Constitution of mexican revolution 1910
New Constitution said all land water and resources belonged to the nation. Large estates given to rural communities. 8 hour work days.
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Politics of Mexican revolution 1910
One political party- PRI. High tariffs, domestic industry. Turn towards NAFTA- free trade in America’s, no tariffs
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Argentina
- Industrialization, capital and tech from Britain.
- Labor from Europe (radicals- anarchism).
- Meat packing, flour milling, textiles.
- Unable to achieve economic stability.
- Return of elections in 1973
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Similarities and differences between Africa and Latin America colonialism
- Similarities- Countries involved- Britain Spain Portugal ect. Plenty of raw materials. Missionary activities.
- Differences- African pop didn’t grow much and had multiple religions.
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