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What are the physical quantities of each of the SI units?
Keep making spaghetti (for) king Midas and Coleman
- Mass-kg
- Length-m
- Time-second
- Temp-kelvin (k)
- Amt of substance- mole
- Electric current-ampere
- Luminous intensity-candela
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Matter can either be _________ or ________
Pure substance or mixture
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What is a pure substance and how?
Elements, it has its own unique atom and definite composition
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What is a mixture and how?
A molecule with two or more of same atoms (O2), or compound of two or more different atoms (CO2)
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What are the different types of mixtures?
- Homogenous- boundaries cannot be seen (air)
- Heterogenous- boundaries CAN be seen (pizza)
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What are the base units for metric conversion?
Mass-g, length-m, volume-L
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Metric conversions of kilo to milli:
- Kilo- 10^3
- Deci- 10^-1
- Centi- 10^-2
- Milli- 10^-3
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What is the formula for volume?
Length x width x height
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What is the formula for Density?
Mass/Volume (in SI units ie: kg/m^3 or g/mL)
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What is the formula for Celsius and Kelvin?
C + 273.15
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What is the formula for Celsius and Fahrenheit?
C/5 = (F-32)/9
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What is rule #1 of significant numbers?
All nonzero digits are significant.
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What is rule #2 for significant numbers?
Zeros between significant figures are considered significant... (7.03 has 3 sig figs)
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What is rule #3 for significant figures?
Zeros at the beginning are NEVER significant... (with 0.02 there is only ONE sig fig)
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What is rule #4 and #4.5 for significant figures?
- Zeros after a nonzero digit are insignificant... (300 - ONE sig fig, 300. -THREE sig fig)
- Zeros after a decimal point are insignificant (.0200- THREE sig fig, 3.0- TWO sig fig)
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What are the types of Ions?
Cations and Anions
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Explain Cations
When an electron is LOST from an atom - + charge
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Explain Anions
When an electron is GAINED by an atom - negative charge
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In periodic table the number on the bottom is...
Atomic # (# of protons)
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In periodic table the number on top is...
Mass (# of protons and neutrons)
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What are the techniques for separating mixtures?
Filtration distillation and chromatography
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Giga mega kilo.....
- Giga- 10^9
- Mega- 10^6
- Kilo- 10^3
- Deci- 10^-1
- Centi- 10^-2
- Milli- 10^-3
- Micro- 10^-6
- Nano- 10^-9
- Pico- 10^-12
- Femto- 10^-15
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What is filtration
Separating solid from liquid w filter paper
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What is distillation
Separation by boiling point, separates pure water
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What is chromatography
Separation by soluability in a solvent.
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What is law of conservation of mass?
Total mass of reactants = total mass of products
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A ion with a positive charge is
Cation
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An ion with negative charge is
Anion
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How to calculate atomic mass?
Every mass of the given isotopes multiplied by its respective relative abundance. AMU
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Column 1 is
The alkali metals
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Column 16 is
Chalcogen nonmetals
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Column 17 is
Halogen nonmetals
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Column 18 is
Noble gas nonmetals
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Column 2 is
Alkaline earth metals
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What is the molecular and empirical formula for hydrogen peroxide?
- Molecular (actual # atoms) H2O2
- Empirical (simplest # atoms) HO
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Molecular compounds are formed..
Compound between two nonmetals thru covalent bonds.
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How do the covalent bonds in molecular compounds work?
By sharing electrons
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Examples of molecular compounds?
CO2, H2O2
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When naming molecular compounds...
List less electronegative first, determine atoms (no mono on first if 1), second element starts with #prefix and ends in -ide
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#prefixes for naming compounds
- Mono- 1
- Di- 2
- Tri- 3
- Tetra- 4
- Penta- 5
- Hexa- 6
- Hepta- 7
- Octa- 8
- Nona- 9
- Deca- 10
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Ionic compounds are between...
Metals and nonmetals
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How do ionic bonds in ionic compounds work?
Electrons lost by one are gained by the other to meet noble gas config. Metals lose, nonmetals gain
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Name a polyatomic cation. What makes it polyatomic?
(NH4)^+... Ammonium Ion. It’s polyatomic because the charge is on the whole compound
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How to name transition metals in ionic compounds? Fe2+, Ni3+
- Fe2+ is Iron (II) Ion
- Ni3+ is nickel (III) Ion
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Explain how Na and F make an ionic compound
Na (metal) loses 1 electron to bond with Fluorine (nonmetal), which gains 1 electron forming an ionic bond between the two. ——-> Na^+ —- F^- = sodium fluoride
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How can nitrogen make an anion?
By gaining 3 electrons and becoming nitride
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Common oxyanions are
Polyatomic anions that, with an oxygen component, end with -ate
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If a polyatomic anion has one oxygen less that it’s common oxyanion... ex (ClO2)-
It ends in -ite. Chlorite
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What are common oxyanions
- (NO3)- / nitrate
- (SO4) 2- / sulfate
- (PO4)3- / phosphate
- (ClO3)- / Chlorate
- (BrO3)- / Bromate
- (IO3)- / Iodate
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If a polyatomic oxyanion has 1 oxygen atom more it starts with _____. 1 less it starts with _______
Per, Hypo
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