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Aristotle suggested that a meal makes us sleepy by causing heat to collect around the
Stomach
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Looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called
Introspection
-
William James was a prominent American
Functionalist
-
The view that psychology should be an objective Cuenca that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as
Behaviorism
-
Innate ability is to learned skill as ______ is to ______.
Nature; nurture
-
Different accounts of the same behavior that together give us a more complete understanding represent different
Levels of analysis
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Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the _________ perspective
Behavior genetics
-
Mrs alferi believes that her husbands angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs alferi is looking at her husbands behavior from a ________ perspective
Psychodynamic
-
Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses
Behavioral
-
Which perspective in psychology is most likely to focus on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures?
Social-cultural
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Dr Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a ________ perspective
Social-cultural
-
Which psychologists are most likely to be involved in basic research?
Community psychologists
-
Dr mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent?
Social psychology
-
Rather than seeking to change people to fit their environments, _____ work to create social and physical environments that are healthy for all
Community psychologists
-
Discerning the unstated assumptions and values that underlie conclusions best illustrates _______, which is an important learning tool
Critical thinking
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After a detailed study of a gunshot wound victim, a psychologist concludes that the brain region destroyed is likely to be important for memory function. What type of research did the psychologist use to deduce this?
Case study
-
In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on motivation, exercise is the
Independent variable
-
To determine the effects of a new drug on memory, one group of people is given a pill that contains the drug. A second is given a sugar pill w/o the drug. The second group is
Control group
-
Theories are defined as
Principles that help to organize, predict, and explain facts
-
A psychologist studies the play behavior of young children by watching groups during recess at school. Which type of research is this?
Naturalistic observation
-
To ensure that other researchers can repeat their work, psychologists use
Operational definitions
-
The scientific attitude of skepticism is based on the belief that
Ideas need to be tested against observable evidence
-
Which of the following is NOT a basic research technique used by psychologists?
A. Correlation, B. Description, C. Replication, D. Experimentation
C. Replication
-
Psychologists personal values
Can bias both scientific observation and interpretation of data
-
If shoes size and IQ are negatively correlated, what is tru?
People with small feet tend to have high IQs
-
What would be best to determine whether alcohol impairs memory?
Experiment
-
Well done surveys measure attitudes in a representative subset, or ______, of an entire group, or _______.
Random sample; population
-
What is mode
The most frequent number
-
What is important when generalizing from a sample to the population?
All of the above. Low variability, is not representative
-
When a difference between two groups is statistically significant, this means that
The difference is not likely due to chance variation
-
A lopsided set of scores that includes a number of extreme or unusual values is said to be
Skewed
-
Juwan eagerly opened an online trading account, believing that his market savvy would allow him to pick stocks that would make him a rich day trader. The belief best illustrates
Overconfidence
-
What is the measure of central tendency that would be most affected by a few extreme scores?
Mean
-
What is typically controlled by the left hemisphere?
Word recognition
-
Which of the following are governed by the simplest neural pathways?
Reflexes
-
In the brain, I outnumber neurons. I also provide nutrients to the neurons and help remove excess neurotransmitters. I am a
Glial cell
-
I am a relatively fast acting chemical messenger that affects mood hunger sleep and arousal. What am I?
Serotonin
-
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is most likely to be found
At the junction between motor neurons and muscle fibers
-
Jessica experienced difficulty keeping her balance after receiving a blow to the back of her head. It is likely that she injured her
Cerebellum
-
Moruzzi and ma goin caused a cat to lapse into a coma by severing neural connections between the vortex and the
Thalamus
-
The effect of a drug that is an agonist is to
Block a particular neurotransmitter
-
Beginning at the front of the brain and moving toward the back of the head, then down the skull and back around to the from, which of the filling is the correct order of the cortical regions?
Temporal; frontal; parietal; occipital
-
Following a nail gun wound to his head, jack became more uninhibited Irritable dishonest and profane. It is likely that his personality change was the result of injury to his
Temporal lobe
-
Though there is no single "control center" for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain religion known as the
Limbic system
-
Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex?
Sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
-
In a resting state, the axon is
Polarized with mostly positive charged ions outside
-
Which of the following is typically controlled by the right hemisphere?
Perceptual tasks
-
The increasing complexity of animals behavior is accompanied by an
Increase in the amount of association area
-
Voluntary movements such as writing with a pencil are directed by the
Somatic nervous system
-
What is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse?
Dendrite, cell body, axon, synapse
-
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called
Hormones
-
An experimenter flashes the word FLYTRAP onto a screen facing a split-brain patient so that FLY projects to her right hemisphere and TRAP to her left. When asked what she saw the patient will
Say she saw TRAP
-
Critical areas that are NOT primarily concerned with sensory motor or language functions are
Called association areas
-
The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called
Dual processing
-
A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it is known as
Blindsight
-
A visual perception track enables most people to recognize objects at nearly the same time that a visual action track enables them to avoid bumping into the objects. This best illustrates
Dual processing
-
A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robbers weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminals physical appearance. This best illustrates
Selective attention
-
If asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black shirted player passes a basketball, most research participants remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the screen. This illustrated
Latent content
-
The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
Selective attention
-
The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called
Sleep spindles
-
Forty year old lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably
Would report a vivid dream if he awakened during REM sleep
-
The circadian rhythm is influenced by light sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the
Suprachiasmmatic nucleus
-
Neural activity that teen acts and promotes recall of prior novel experiences is most closely associated with
Slow-wave sleep
-
The best time for athletes to engage in heavy exercise workouts is
Late afternoon or early evening
-
People who regularly sleep less than normal experience a(n) ______ risk of depression and a(n) _______ risk of obesity.
Increased; increased
-
Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ______ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone _______.
Ghrelin; leptin
-
Sleep deprivation has been shown to
Diminish immunity to disease
-
Brain regions that are active as people learn to preform a visual-discrimination task are especially likely to be active again later as they experience
REM sleep
-
Research indicates that total time spent in REM sleep is especially high in
Infants
-
Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of the dreams reflects children's
Cognitive development
-
Suppose that hypnotized adults who are encouraged to behave like children are no more genuinely childlike than unhypnotized adults who are encouraged to act in a childlike behavior. This fact most clearly supports
Social influence theory
-
The divided consciousness theory of hypnosis receives support from evidence that
Hypnotized people can endure pain without experiencing emotional distress
-
Muhammad can't sleep, is constantly anxious, has muscle aches, and craves his daily dose of cocaine. Muhammad is experiencing symptoms of
Withdrawl
-
Depressants are drugs such as
Barbiturates and opiates
-
Women who have been drinking alcohol become _____disposed to causal sex, and men who have been drinking become ______ disposed to casual sex
More; more
-
Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long term memory by
Suppressing REM sleep
-
Morphine and heroin are
Opiates
-
Repeated use of an opiate
Decreases the brains production of endorphins
-
Dr Ross believes that principles of natural selection help explain why infants come to fear strangers about the time they become mobile. Dr Ross is most likely a(n)
Evolutionary psychologist
-
A pair of adopted children or identical twins reared in the same home are most likely to have similar
Religious beliefs
-
Collectivist cultures
Give priority to group goals, foster social independence, and value maintenance of social harmony
-
If a fraternal twin develops schizophrenia, the likelihood of the other twin developing serious mental illness is much lower than with identical twins. This suggests that
Schizophrenia is influenced by genes
-
The best way to separate the effects of genes and environment in research is to study
Identical twins raised in different environments
-
Through natural selection, the traits that are most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations are those that contribute to
Survival
-
What is NOT true regarding gender and sexuality?
Gender differences in sexuality are noticeably absent among gay men and lesbian women
-
Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in sexuality to the fact that women have
Lower reproductive potential than do men
-
Unlike _____ twins, who develop from a single fertilized egg, ______ twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.
Identical; fraternal
-
Temperament refers to a persons characteristic
Emotional reactivity and intensity
-
The traditions of a culture are passed from one generation to the next by mean of
Norms
-
The hormone testosterone...
Stimulates growth of the male sex organs
-
Each cell of the human body has a total of
46 chromosomes
-
Genes direct our physical development by synthesizing
Proteins
-
Most human traits are
Influenced by many genes acting together
-
Mutations are random errors in _______ replication.
Gene
-
Several studies of long deprecated identical twins have found that these twins
Have many similarities, in everything from medical histories to personalities
-
Chromosomes are composed of a coiled chain of
DNA molecules that contain genes
-
When the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another (such as heredity), we say there is a(n) ______ between the two factors
Interaction
-
The selection effect in peer influence refers to the tendency of children and youth to
Seek out friends with similar interests and attitudes
-
What is NOT true regarding cultural diversity?
Culture does not have a strong influence on how strictly social roles are defined
-
Women and men are most likely to e attracted to strongly gender-types mates in cultures characterized by
Gender inequality
-
An evolutionary psychologist would be most interested in studying
A. Genetic differences, B. hereditary influences, C. common diseases among age groups, D. why most parents are passionately devoted to their kids
D
-
Genetically male children who underwent sex-reassignment surgery and were raised as girls later
Described themselves either as female or male, or has an unclear sexual identity
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