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What is the degree of movement of a fibrous joint
All are synarthroses
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What is degree of movement of cartilaginous joints
Synarthroses and ampiarthroses
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What is degree of movement of synostoses joints
All are synarthroses
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Degree of movement of synovial joints
Diarthroses. Exception is gliding joint-ampiarthroses
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Describe anatomical classification of fibrous joints
Bound by collagen fibers, no cavity. Ex(bones of skull, shaft of ulna and radius, and tooth in socket)
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Describe anatomical classification of cartligenous joints
Bound by cartilage, no cavity. Ex. Hyaline, fibrocartilage
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Describe the anatomical classification of synostoses joints
Bound by bone, no cavity. Mandible, frontal bone, sacrum, coccyx
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Describe anatomical classification of synovial joints
- Separated by joint cavity surrounded by articulate capsule lined with synovial membrane secreting synovial fluid.
- Ex: ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, gliding
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What is ampiarthroses
Slightly moveable
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What is synarthroses
Immovable
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Describe the bones in synovial joints
They do not touch and are separated by a space called the joint cavity, filled with synovial fluid to reduce friction.
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Identify synovial fluid
It is secretes by the synovial membrane that lines the articular (fibrous) capsule. Keeps bones separate and surrounds joint cavity.
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What is the epiphysis of long bones in the joint cavity covered by and why
It is covered by articular (hyaline) cartilage. To reduce friction in the joint during movement.
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What is the bursa
A fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, located between adjacent muscles. Cushions muscles, helps tendons.
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What is a tendon sheath
Elongated cylindrical bursa wrapped around a tendon. Help with fine motor and strength found in hands and feet.
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What is a tendon
Dense regular fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone. Reinforces joints
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What is a ligament
Dense regular fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone. Reinforces joints.
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What is diathroses
Freely moving
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What movements do synovial joints allow for?
Flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, elevation and depression.
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Identify ball and socket joints
Synovial. A hemispherical head and a cup-like depression. Ex shoulder and hip joints
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Identify hinge joints
Synovial. A convex and concave surfaces, more elongated. Ex: (knee and elbow)
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Identify pivot joints
Synovial. Projection fitting into a ring like ligament. Ex(c1/c2)
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Identify condyloid joints
Synovial. One convex surface with similar depression, oval shape. Ex(metacarpophalangeal)
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Identify saddle joints
Synovial. Two surfaces resembling saddle. Ex(opposable thumbs)
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Identify gliding joints.
Synovial. Flat or slightly concave and convex surfaces. Amphiarthroses. Ex (joints between carpal and tarsal bones)
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How does aging affect joints
Aging is the natural process of wear and tear on bones and joints (articular cartilage softens and degenerates)
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What are the bones and bone marking that form TMJ
- Temporal bone: mandibular fossa
- Mandible: condyloid process
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What are the bones and bone markings that form the shoulder
- Humerus: head
- Scapula: glenoid cavity
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Identify the bones and bone markings that make up the hip
- Femur: head
- Os coxa: acetabulum
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Identify ligaments of TMJ
- Sphenomandibular
- Temporomandinular
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Identify ligaments of shoulder
- Glenohumeral
- Transverse humeral (holds biceps tendon)
- Coracohumeral
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Identify ligaments of the hip
- Iliofemoral
- Ischiofemoral
- Pubofemoral
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What is the stabilizing factor of TMJ
- Shape of mandibular fossa.
- Sphenomandibular ligament
- Temporomandibular ligament
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What are the stabilizing factor of the shoulder
- SITS muscles
- Bicep brachii tendon
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What are the stabilizing factors of the hip
Twisting effect of ligaments when standing.
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What are special characteristics of TMJ joint
Most often used. Both joints used at same time. Can dislocated spontaneously.
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What are special characteristics of the shoulder joint
Ball and socket. Most moveable joint. Dislocates easy
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What are the special characteristics of the hip joint
Ball and socket. Bears a lot of body weight so is pretty stable.
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