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What is learning
a change in a students behavior as a result of an experience
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What are the laws of learning
REEPIR
- Readiness
- Exercise
- Effect (needs to be a pleasant experience)
- Primacy (first learned best remembered)
- Intensity (more learned from real thing)
- Recency
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What are perceptions
When a person gives a meaning to sensations being experienced. they are the basis of all learning
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What factors affect Perception
PGSET
- Physical organism (see hear smell)
- Goals and values (skewed towards ones goals an values)
- Self-Concept (image of themselves)
- Element of thrat (narrows perceptual field)
- Time and oportunity ( need to be able to percieve)
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What are insights
grouping perceptions into meaningful wholes
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what are the levels of learning
RUAC
- Rote (blunt memorization)
- Understanding (comprehending)
- Application (put to use)
- Correlation (link to other learning)
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What are the stages to acquiring skill
CAA
- Cognitive ( based on factual knowledge)
- Associative ( can tell likely outcomes)
- Automatic response ( product of practice)
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Why do people forget
DIRR
- Disuse/ Fading
- Interference
- Repression
- Retrieval Failure
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Way to help remember
MAMAPS
- Meaningful repetition
- Association (link it to something to remember)
- Mnemonics
- Attitudes, favorable (learn better when motivated to know)
- Praise
- Senses (all)
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What is the transfer of learning
the ability to apply knowledge learned in one context to new contexts
can be positive( helps) or negative ( hinders learning )
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What do students need in order to learn
- Maslow's Hierarchy
- PS-BEAS
- Physiological ( food, rest, exercise)
- Security ( protectin from danger, threats)
- Belonging ( need to belong / fit in)
- Esteem ( be happy)
- Aesthetic/ cognitive ( know and understand emotional needs)
- Self-actualization ( what you are meant to do)
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What are defense mechanisms used for
biological or physical responses to protect a persons well being
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What are the defense mechanisms
DR-FRD-CPR
- Denial (cant accept it)
- Repression (bury uncomfortable thoughts)
- Fantasy ( daydream about how it should be)
- Rationalization ( justify actions)
- Displacement ( focus on less threatening subject)
- Compensation ( emphasize another strength)
- Projection ( put blame on someone else)
- Reaction Formation ( faking a belief opposite of true belief)
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What are the domains of learning
CAP
- Cognitive (thinking, knowledge)
- Affective (Feeling, attitude)
- Physcomotor (doing telling)
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Types of teaching methods
LGDDD
- Lecture
- Guided Discussion
- Discussion
- Demonstration/ performance
- Drill and practice
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What is a critique used for
To give student direction and raise level of performance
discusses good and bad performance immediately after performance
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Characteristics of an effective critique
FASTCOCO
- Flexible
- Acceptable (to the student)
- Specific
- Thoughtful ( to students feelings)
- Comprehensive ( covering what should be covered)
- Objective ( no biases)
- Constructive (student learns from it)
- Organized ( logical and makes sense)
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What is an evaluation
Judging a students performance
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What should effective questions encompass
BACPAC
- Brief and concise
- Applied to subject
- Clear and definite
- Present a challenge
- Adapted to student
- Centered on one idea
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What questions should you avoid
POTBIT
- Puzzle
- Oversize
- Toss up
- Bewilderment
- Irrelevant
- Trick
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How do you answer a students question
USSA
- Understand the question
- Show interest
- Satisfy the student
- Admit not knowing/ look it up
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Characteristics of a good written test
VORDUC
- Valid ( measure what it should)
- Objective ( no bias)
- Reliable (consistent results)
- Discrimination ( distinguishes different levels of understanding)
- Usability ( easy to administer)
- Comprehensive (tests the scope of what its intended to)
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How can you have a student assess their performance/ learning
- Replay ( verbally replay the flight or procedure)
- Reconstruct ( identify things they could have done differently)
- Reflect ( reflect on what happened and if they performed to the standards)
- Redirect ( relate lessons to other experiences or lessons)
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What are the responsibilities of a flight instructor
HEMPSS
- Help students learn
- Emphasize the positive
- Minimize student frustration
- Provide adequate instruction (tailor to students learning style)
- Standards of performance ( PTS Standards being met?)
- Safety
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Characteristics of a professional instructor
CS-SALAD
- Code of conduct
- Safety conscious
- Sincere
- Accepting
- Language
- Demeanor
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How do you deal with students who have physiological abnormalities , stress, or anxiety
- Have student train with another instructor
- compare opinions regarding their condition
- decide whether to remove student
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What is an instructors more important responsibility
Solo operations: need to provide guidance and restraint
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Characteristics of a good lesson plan
SPURFIC
- Scope ( appropriate amount of material)
- Practicallity
- Unity ( lessons unify to obtain objective)
- Relation to course of training
- Flexibility ( don't stick strictly to outline)
- Instructional steps ( PPAR)
- Content ( contain new material but relate to prior lessons)
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What are the basic elements of communication
- Source ( instructor)
- Symbol ( words, models, and signs)
- Receiver (Listener/ student)
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What are barriers to effective communication
COIL
- Confusion between object an symbolized object
- Overuse of abstractions (generalized words)
- Interference ( other things learned interfere with new learning)
- Lack of common experience
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how to develop communication skills with students
RILIQ
Role playing ( determine how they understand)
Instructional enhancement ( Knowing your student better to convey information better)
Listening ( know student to communicate)
Instructional communication ( achieved when desired student response has occurred)
Questioning ( can determine how well student understands)
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How to minimize student frustration
MAAGIC
- Motivate students
- Admit errors
- Approach students as individuals
- Give credit when due
- Inform
- Criticize constructively
- Consistency
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