Rules of the Road

Rule 01(a)These Rules shall apply to all vessels upon the high seas (0.5 mark) and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels (0.5 mark).

• Rule 1(b)
• Yes (0.5 mark)
• Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of special rules made by an appropriate authority (0.5 mark) for roadsteads, harbours, rivers, lakes or inland waterways connected with the high seas and navigable by sea-going vessels (0.5 mark).  Such special rules shall conform as closely as possible to these Rules (0.5 mark).

Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rule made by the Government of any State (0.5 mark) with respect to additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals for ships of war and vessels proceeding under convoy (0.5 mark), or with respect to additional station or signal lights or shapes for fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet (0.5 mark). These additional station or signal lights, shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape or signal authorized elsewhere under these Rules (0.5 mark).

The correct answer is: Traffic separation schemes may be adopted by [the organisation] for the purpose of these Rules

Such vessel shall comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, range or arc of visibility of lights or shapes (0.5 mark), as well as to the disposition and characteristics of sound-signalling appliances (0.5 mark), as her Government (0.5 mark) shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance (0.5 mark) with these Rules in respect of that vessel.

Rule 2(a)Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, master or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to comply with these Rules (1 mark) or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen (0.5 mark), or by the special circumstances of the case (0.5 mark).

Rule 2(b)In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision (0.5 mark) and to any special circumstances (0.5 mark), including the limitations of the vessels involved (0.5 mark), which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid immediate danger (0.5 mark)

Rule 3(a)The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft (0.33 marks), including non-displacement craft, WIG craft and seaplanes (0.33 marks), used or capable of being used as a means of transportation on water (0.33 marks).

Rule 3(b)The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by machinery (1 mark).

Rule 3(c)The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used. (1 mark)

Rule 3(d)The term “vessel engaged in fishing” means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus (0.67 marks) which restrict manoeuvrability (0.67 marks), but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict manoeuvrability (0.67 marks).

The word “seaplane” includes any aircraft designed to manoeuvre on the water (1 mark).

Rule 1 (f)The term “vessel not under command” means a vessel which through some exceptional circumstance (0.67 mark) is unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules (0.67 mark) and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel (0.67 mark).

Rule 3(g)The term “vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre” means a vessel which from the nature of her work (0.67 mark) is restricted in her ability to manoeuvre as required by these Rules (0.67 mark) and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel (0.67 mark).

Rule 3(g)The term “vessels restricted in their ability to manoeuvre” shall include but not be limited to:(i) vessel engaged in laying, servicing or picking up a navigation mark, submarine cable or pipeline; (0.33 mark)(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying or underwater operations; (0.33 mark)(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, provisions or cargo while underway; (0.33 mark)(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft; (0.33 mark)(v) a vessel engaged in mineclearance operations; (0.33 mark)(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their course. (0.33 mark)

Rule 3The term “vessel constrained by her draught” means a power‑driven vessel (0.67 mark) which, because of her draught in relation to the available depth and width of navigable water (0.67 mark), is severely restricted in her ability to deviate from the course she is following (0.67 mark).

Rule 3(i)The word “underway” means that a vessel is not at anchor (0.33 marks), or made fast to the shore (0.33 marks), or aground (0.33 marks).

Rule 3(j)The words “length” and “breadth” of a vessel mean her length overall and greatest breadth (1 mark).

Rule 3kVessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when one can be observed visually from the other (1 mark).

Rule 3(l)The term “restricted visibility” means any condition in which visibility is restricted by fog (0.17 marks), mist (0.17 marks), falling snow (0.17 marks), heavy rainstorms (0.17 marks), sandstorms (0.17 marks) or any other similar causes (0.17 marks).

Rule 3(m)The term “Wing-In-Ground (WIG) craft” means a multimodal craft (0.5 mark) which, in its main operational mode, flies in close proximity to the surface by utilizing surface-effect action (0.5 mark).

The correct answer is: In any condition of visibility

• Rule 5
• Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look‑out (0.5 mark) by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and conditions (0.5 mark) so as to make a full appraisal of the situation (0.5 mark) and of the risk of collision (0.5 mark).

Rule 6(a)In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among those taken into account:(a) By all vessels:(i) the state of visibility (0.33 mark);(ii) the traffic density including concentrations of fishing vessels or any other vessels (0.33 mark);(iii) the manoeuvrability of the vessel with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing conditions (0.33 mark);(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from shore lights or from back scatter of her own lights (0.33 mark);(v) the state of wind, sea and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards (0.33 mark);(vi) the draught in relation to the available depth of water (0.33 mark).

Rule 6(b)(b) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar:(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment (0.33 mark);(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use (0.33 mark);(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources of interference (0.33 mark);(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range (0.33 mark);(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar (0.33 mark);(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the vicinity (0.33 mark).

Rule 6Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed (1 mark) so that she can take proper and effective action to avoid collision (0.5 mark) and be stopped within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions (0.5 mark).

Rule 7(a)Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of collision exists (0.5 mark).If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to exist (0.5 mark).

Rule 7 (b)Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and operational (0.5 mark), including long‑range scanning to obtain early warning of risk of collision (0.5 mark) and radar plotting (0.5 mark) or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects (0.5 mark).

Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty information (0.5 mark), especially scanty radar information (0.5 mark).

Rule 7(d)(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following considerations shall be among those taken into account:(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change (1 mark);(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range (1 mark).

• Rule 8(a)
• Any action taken to avoid collision shall be taken in accordance with the Rules of this Part (0.5 mark) and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit , be positive(0.5 mark) , made in ample time (0.5 mark) and with due regard to the observance of good seamanship (0.5 mark)

• Rule 8(b)
• Any alteration of course and/or speed to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar (1 mark); a succession of small alterations of course and/or speed should be avoided (1 mark).

Rule 8(c)If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone (0.5 mark) may be the most effective action to avoid a close‑quarters situation provided that it is made in good time (0.5 mark), is substantial (0.5 mark) and does not result in another close‑quarters situation (0.5 mark).

Rule 8(d)Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such as to result in passing at a safe distance (1 mark). The effectiveness of the action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past and clear (1 mark).

Rule 8(e)If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed (0.67 mark) or take all way off (0.67 mark) by stopping or reversing her means of propulsion(0.67 mark)

Rule 8(f)(ii)A vessel required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel is not relieved of this obligation (1 mark) if approaching the other vessel so as to involve risk of collision and shall, when taking action, have full regard to the action which may be required by the Rules of this Part (1 mark).

Rule 8(f)(iii)A vessel the passage of which is not to be impeded remains fully obliged to comply with the Rules of this Part (1 mark) when the two vessels are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision (1 mark)

Rule 8(f)(i)A vessel which, by any of these Rules, is required not to impede the passage or safe passage of another vessel shall, when required by the circumstances of the case (0.5 mark), take early action (0.5 mark) to allow sufficient sea-room (0.5 mark) for the safe passage of the other vessel (0.5 mark).

Rule 9(a)A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway which lies on her starboard side (0.5 mark) as is safe and practicable (0.5 mark).

Rule 9(b)A vessel of less than 20 metres in length (0.33 mark) or a sailing vessel (0.33 mark) shall not impede the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within a narrow channel or fairway.Rule 9(d)A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway.Crossing Vessel (0.33 mark)

Rule 9(c)A vessel engaged in fishing (1 mark) shall not impede the passage of any other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway.

Rule 9(d)A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate only within such channel or fairway (1 mark).

Rule 9(e) (i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking can take place only if the vessel to be overtaken has to take action to permit safe passing (1 mark), the vessel intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c)(i).

Rule 9(f)A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution (0.5 mark) and shall sound the appropriate signal (0.5 mark) prescribed in Rule 34(e).

Rule 9(g)Any vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit (0.5 mark), avoid anchoring in a narrow channel (0.5 mark).

Rule 10(a)This Rule applies to traffic separation schemes adopted by the Organisation (0.5 mark) and does not relieve any vessel of her obligation under any other Rule.No (0.5 mark)

Rule 10(b) A vessel using a traffic separation scheme shall:(i) proceed in the appropriate traffic lane in the general direction of traffic flow for that lane (0.33 mark);(ii) so far as practicable keep clear of a traffic separation line or separation zone (0.33 mark);(iii) normally join or leave a traffic lane at the termination of the lane (0.17 mark), but when joining or leaving from either side shall do so at as small an angle to the general direction of traffic flow as practicable (0.17 mark).

Rule 10 (c)A vessel shall, so far as practicable, avoid crossing traffic lanes (0.5 mark) but if obliged to do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as practicable at right angles to the general direction of traffic flow (0.5 mark).

Rule 10(d) (i) A vessel shall not use an inshore traffic zone when she can safely use the appropriate traffic lane within the adjacent traffic separation scheme (0.17 mark).However, vessels of less than 20 metres in length (0.17 mark), sailing vessels(0.17 mark) and vessels engaged in fishing may use the inshore traffic zone (0.17 mark).(ii) Notwithstanding subparagraph (d)(i), a vessel may use an inshore traffic zone when en route to and from a port, offshore installation or structure, pilot station or any other place situated within the inshore traffic zone (0.17 mark), or to avoid immediate danger (0.17 mark).

Rule 10(e)A vessel other than a crossing vessel or a vessel joining or leaving a lane shall not normally enter a separation zone or cross a separation line except:(i) in cases of emergency to avoid immediate danger (0.5 mark);(ii) to engage in fishing within a separation zone (0.5 mark).

Rule 10(f) A vessel navigating in areas near the terminations of traffic separation schemes shall do so with particular caution (1 mark).

Rule 10(g) A vessel shall so far as practicable avoid anchoring in a traffic separation scheme or in areas near its terminations (1 mark).

Rule 10 A vessel not using a traffic separation scheme shall avoid it by as wide a margin as is practicable (1 mark).

Rule 10(i) A vessel engaged in fishing (0.33 mark) shall not impede the passage of any vessel following a traffic laneRule 10(j) A vessel of less than 20 metres in length (0.33 mark) or a sailing vessel (0.33 mark) shall not impede the safe passage of a power-driven vessel following a traffic lane.

Rule 10(k) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the maintenance of safety of navigation (0.5 mark) in a traffic separation scheme is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.Rule 10(l) A vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre when engaged in an operation for the laying, servicing or picking up of a submarine cable (0.5 mark), within a traffic separation scheme, is exempted from complying with this Rule to the extent necessary to carry out the operation.

The correct answer is: When vessels are in sight of one another

Rule 13(a) a) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Rules of Part B, Sections I and II (1 mark), ie. When in sight and applicable, the overtaking rule applies regardless of any other Steering and Sailing Rule.b) any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel being overtaken (1 mark).

Rule 13(b)A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam (1 mark); that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight of that vessel but neither of her sidelights (1 mark).

Rule 13(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly (2 marks).

Rule 13(d)a) No (0.67 mark)b) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within the meaning of these Rules (0.67 mark) or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear (0.67 mark).

Rule 14(a)When two power-driven vessels (0.5 mark) are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision (0.5 mark) each shall alter her course to starboard (0.5 mark) so that each shall pass on the port side of the other (0.5 mark).

Rule 14(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the other ahead or nearly ahead (0.5 mark) and by night she would see the mast head lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line (0.5 mark) and or both sidelights (0.5 mark) and by day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel (0.5 mark).

Rule 14(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly (2 marks).

Rule 15. When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision (0.5 mark), the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way (0.5 mark) and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit (0.5 mark), avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel (0.5 mark).

Rule 16. Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible (0.67 mark), take early (0.67 mark) and substantial action to keep well clear (0.67 mark).

Rule 17(a) (i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way the other shall keep her course and speed (1 mark).(ii) The latter vessel may however take action to avoid collision by her manoeuvre alone (0.5 mark), as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action in compliance with these Rules (0.5 mark).

Rule 17 (b)When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the give-way vessel alone (0.67 mark), she shall take such action as will best aid to avoid collision (0.67 mark).No (0.67 mark)

Rule 17(c)A power-driven vessel (0.5 mark) which takes action in a crossing situation (0.5 mark) in accordance with sub-paragraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit (0.5 mark), not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side (0.5 mark).

The correct answers are: a vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel engaged in fishing, a sailing vessel

Rule 18. Except where Rules 9, 10, and 13 otherwise require

The correct answers are: a vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre, a vessel engaged in fishing

The correct answers are: a vessel not under command, a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre

Rule 18(d) (i) Any vessel other than a vessel not under command or a vessel restricted in her ability to manoeuvre (0.5 mark) shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel constrained by her draught, exhibiting the signals in Rule 28. (ii) A vessel constrained by her draught shall navigate with particular caution (0.25 mark) having full regard to her special condition (0.25 mark).

Rule 18(e) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their navigation (0.5 mark). In circumstances, however, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of this Part (0.5 mark).

Rule 18(f) (i) A WIG craft shall, when taking off, landing and in flight near the surface, keep well clear of all other vessels (0.25 marks) and avoid impeding their navigation (0.25 marks); (ii) a WIG craft operating on the water surface shall comply with the Rules of this Part as a power-driven vessel (0.5 mark).

Rule 19(a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another (0.5 mark) when navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility (0.5 mark).

Rule 19Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed (0.25 mark) adapted to the prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility (0.25 mark). A power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate manoeuvre (0.5 mark).

Rule 19 (d)A vessel which detects by radar alone (0.25 mark) the presence of another vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing (0.25 mark) and/or risk of collision exists (0.25 mark). If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample time (0.25 mark), provided that when such action consists of an alteration of course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided: (i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken (0.5 mark); (ii) an alteration of course towards a vessel abeam or abaft the beam (0.5 mark).

Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does not exist (initial action is to determine if risk of collision exists - 1 mark), every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on her course.  She shall if necessary take all her way off (0.5 mark) and in any event navigate with extreme caution until danger of collision is over (0.5 mark).

Rule 20 : Application (a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers (0.5 marks). (b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset to sunrise (0.5 marks), and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited (0.5 marks), except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in these Rules (0.25 marks) or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, or interfere with the keeping of a proper look-out (0.25 marks). (c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility (0.25 marks) and may be exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary (0.25 marks). (d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day 0.5 marks).

Rule 21 : Definitions (a) “Masthead light” means a white light placed over the fore and aft centreline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. (b) “Sidelights” means a green light on the starboard side and a red light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side.In a vessel of less than 20 metres in length the sidelights may be combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centreline of the vessel.(c) “Sternlight” means a white light placed as nearly as practicable at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right aft on each side of the vessel. (d) “Towing light” means a yellow light having the same characteristics as the “sternlight” defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule. (e) “All-round light” means a light showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees. (f) “Flashing light” means a light flashing at regular intervals at a frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute.

• Rule 22 : Visibility of Lights(0.14 marks per box)(a) In vessels of 50 metres or more in length: - a masthead light, 6 miles; - a sidelight, 3 miles;
• - a sternlight, 3 miles; - a towing light, 3 miles; - a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles. (b) In vessels of 12 metres or more in length but less than 50 metres in length: - a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the vessel is less
• than 20 metres, 3 miles;- a sidelight, 2 miles; - a sternlight, 2 miles; - a towing light, 2 miles; - a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.(c) In vessels of less than 12 metres in length: - a masthead light, 2 miles; - a sidelight, 1 mile; - a sternlight, 2 miles; - a towing light, 2 miles;- a white, red, green, or yellow all-round light, 2 miles.(d) In inconspicuous, partly submerged vessels or objects being towed: - a white all-round light, 3 miles.

Rule 23(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit: (i) a masthead light forward; (0.5 mark)(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so; (0.5 mark)(iii) sidelights; (0.5 mark)(iv) a sternlight. (0.5 mark)

Rule 24(a) A power-driven vessel when towing shall exhibit: (i) instead of the light prescribed in Rule 23(a)(i) or (a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the after end of the tow exceeds 200 metres, three such lights in a vertical line; (0.5 mark)(ii) sidelights; (0.5 mark)(iii) a sternlight; (0.5 mark)(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight; (0.5 mark)

Rule 24(e) A vessel or object being towed, other than those mentioned in paragraph (g) of this Rule, shall exhibit: (i) sidelights; (1 mark)(ii) a sternlight; (1 mark)

Rule 24(g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object, or combination of such vessels or objects being towed, shall exhibit:(i) if it is less than 25 metres in breadth, one all-round white light at or near the forward end and one at or near the after end except that dracones need not exhibit a light at or near the forward end; (ii) if it is 25 metres or more in breadth, two additional all-round white lights at or near the extremities of its breadth; (iii) if it exceeds 100 metres in length, additional all-round white lights between the lights prescribed in sub-paragraphs (i) and (ii) so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 100 metres;

Rule 25(c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red and the lower being green, but these lights shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern permitted by paragraph (b) of this Rule.

Rule 25(d) (i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 metres in length shall, if practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision.

Rule 25 (e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical shape, apex downwards.

Rule 26(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit: (i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their apexes together in a vertical line one above the other. (ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round green light; a vessel of less than 50 metres in length shall not be obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so;

Rule 26(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit: (ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 metres horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light (1 mark) or a cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear (1 mark);

Rule 27Rule 27(a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit: (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can best be seen; (iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight.

Rule 28A vessel constrained by her draught may, in addition to the lights prescribed for power-driven vessels in Rule 23, exhibit where they can best be seen three allround red lights in a vertical line, or a cylinder

(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, where they can best be seen (1 mark): (i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line; (ii) three balls in a vertical line. (1 mark)

Rule 30(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen: (i) in the fore part, an all-round white light (ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light prescribed in subparagraph (i), an all-round white light. (1 mark)(c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 metres and more in length shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to illuminate her decks. (1 mark)

• Rule 32(a) The word “whistle” means any sound signalling appliance capable of
• producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with the specifications in
• Annex III to these Regulations.

• Rule 33(b) A vessel of less than 12 metres in length shall not be obliged to carry the
• sound signalling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule but if she
• does not, she shall be provided with some other means of making an efficient
• sound signal.

• Rule 34(a) When vessels are in sight of one another, a power-driven vessel underway,
• when manoeuvring as authorised or required by these Rules, shall indicate
• that manoeuvre by the following signals on her whistle:

• Rule 34d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other and from
• any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or actions of the
• other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being taken by the other to
• avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall immediately indicate such doubt by
• giving at least five short and rapid blasts on the whistle.

• FeedbackRule 35(g)A vessel at anchor may in addition sound
• three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short
• blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an
• approaching vessel.

Not more than 1 minute, ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds in the forepart of the vessel (1 mark) and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel (1 mark).

• Rule 35(g) A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one minute ring the
• bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 metres or more in length
• the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel and immediately after
• the ringing of the bell the gong shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds
• in the after part of the vessel. A vessel at anchor may in addition sound
• three blasts in succession, namely one short, one prolonged and one short
• blast, to give warning of her position and of the possibility of collision to an
• approaching vessel.  A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the gong signal
• prescribed in paragraph (g) of this Rule and shall, in addition, give three
• separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately before and after the
• rapid ringing of the bell.
• A vessel aground may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.

• Rule 35(i) A vessel of 12 metres or more but less than 20 metres in length shall not be
• obliged to give the bell signals prescribed in paragraphs (g) and of this
• Rule. However, if she does not, she shall make some other efficient sound
• signal at intervals of not more than 2 minutes.

a) a gun or other explosive signals fired at intervals of about a minuteb) a continuous sounding with any fog-signalling apparatusc) rockets or shells, throwing red stars fired one at a time at short intervalsd) a signal made by any signalling method consisting of the group ...- - -... (SOS) in the Morse codee) a signal sent by radiotelephony consisting of the spoken word "MAYDAY"f) the International Code Signal of distress indicated by N.C.g) a signal consisting of a square flag having above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ballh) flames on the vessl (as from a buring tar barrel, oil barrel etc)i) a rocket parachute flare or a hand-flare showing a red lightj) a smoke signal giving off orange-coloured smokek) slowly and repeatedly raing and lowering arms outstretched to each sidel) a distress alert by means of DSC transmitted on    (i) VHF Channel 70   (ii) MF/HF on the frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 4207.5 kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5 kHzm) a ship-to-shore distress alert transmitted by the ship's Inmarsat or other mobile satellite service provider ship earth stationn) signals transmitted by emergency position-indicating radio beaconso) approvaed signals transmittted by radiocommunications systems, including survival craft radar transponders3a) a piece of orange-coloured canvas with either a black square and circle or other appropriate symbol (for identification from the air)3b) a dye marker

ATP01 Vol II (H) Art 177Ships, whether acting independently or in formation, must take such individual action as may be required to avoid danger (1 mark). When necessary, ships may leave their stations to avoid risk of collision or to avoid navigational hazards (1 mark).

ATP 01 Vol II (H) Art 178 Para a.(1) Helicopters when hovering with sonar in the water are to be considered as ships not under command. A helicopter in the dip or hover is not to be approached by ships within 500 yards.

ATP01 Vol II (H) Art 179 Para c.Ships that are not in station are not to hamper those in station (1 mark). However, ships in station should not stubbornly maintain their course and speed if danger of collision exists (1 mark).

ATP 01 Vol II (H) Art 179 Para d.No ship is to pass between ships in a line without (in the case of a junior) asking permission (1 mark), or (in the case of senior) indicating her intention to do so. It then becomes the responsibility of the ship passing through the line to avoid hampering the other ships (1 mark).

ATP01 Vol II (H) Art 179 Para e:If ships are required to pass between ships in a formation or between lines, it is the responsibility of the ships passing through the formation to avoid hampering the movements of the other ships (1 mark). No ship is to attempt to pass through a formation of minesweepers with sweeps streamed (1 mark).