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anabolism (anabol - a building up; -ism condition)
building up of the body substance in the constructive phase of meabolism
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anorexia (an- lack of; -orexia appetite)
lack of appetite
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appendectomy (append - appendix; -ectomy surgical excision)
surgical excision of the appendix
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appendicitis (appendic - appendix; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the appendix
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bilirubin
orange-colored bile pigment produced by the separation of hemoglobin into parts that are excreted by the liver cells
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black hairy tongue
condition in which the tongue is covered by hairlike papillae entangled with threads
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buccal (bucc - cheek; -al pertaining to)
pertaining to the cheek
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catabolism (catabol - a casting down; -ism condition)
literally a casting down; a breaking of complex substances into more basic elements
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celiac (celi - abdomen, belly; -ac pertaining to)
pertaining to the abdomen
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cheilosis (cheil - lip; -osis condition usually abnormal)
abnormal condition of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies
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cholecystectomy (chol/e - fall, bile; cyst - bladder; -ectomy surgical excision)
surgical excision of the gallbladder
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cholecystitis (chol/e - gall, bile; cyst - bladder; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the gallbladder
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chyle
milky fluid of intestinal digestion composed of lymph and emulsified fats
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cirrhosis (cirrh - orange-yellow; -osis condition usually abnormal)
chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes
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colonoscopy (colon/o - colon; -scopy visual examination, to view, examine)
visual examination of the colon via a colonoscope
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constipation (constipat - to press together; -ion process)
infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces; difficult defecation
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Crohn's disease
chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum
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defecation (defecat - to remove dregs; -ion process)
evacuation of the bowel
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deglutition
act or process of swallowing
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dentalgia (dent - tooth; -algia pain, ache)
pain in a tooth; toothache
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dentist (dent - tooth; -ist one who specializes)
one who specializes in dentistry
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diarrhea (dia- through; -rrhea flow)
frequent passage of unformed watery stools
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digestion
process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action so that it can be absorbed by the body
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dysentery (dys- difficult; enter - intestine; -y pertaining to)
an intestinal disease charaterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane
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dyspepsia (dys- difficult; -pepsia to digest)
difficulty in digestion; indigestion
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dysphagia (dys- difficult; -phagia to eat, to swallow)
difficulty in swallowing
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emesis (eme - to vomit; -sis condition)
vomiting
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enteric (enter - small intestine; -ic pertaining to)
pertaining to the small intestine
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enteritis (enter - small intestine; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the small intestine
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enzyme
protein substance capable of causing chemical changes in other substances without being changed itself
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eructation (eructat - a breaking out; -ion process)
belching
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feces
body waste expelled from the bowels; stools, excreta
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flatus
gas in the digestive tract
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gavage
to feed liquid or semiliquid food via a tube (stomach or nasogastric)
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gingivitis (gingiv - gums; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the gums
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halitosis (halit - breath; -osis condition usually abnormal)
bad breath
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hematemesis (hemat - blood; -emesis vomiting)
vomiting of blood
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hematochezia
passage of stools that contain red blood rather than tarry stools
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hemorrhoid (hemorrh - vein liable to bleed; -oid resemble)
mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum;
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hepatitis (hepat - liver; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the liver
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hernia
abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contains it
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hyperemesis (hyper - excessive, above; -emesis vomiting)
excessive vomiting
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irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
disorder that interferes with the normal functions of the large intestine (colon); characterized by a group of symptoms, including crampy abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea.
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labial (labi - lip; -al pertaining to)
pertaining to the lip
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lavage
to wash out a cavity
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lingual (lingu - tongue; -al pertaining to)
pertaining to the tongue
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mastication (masticat - to chew; -ion process)
chewing
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nausea
feeling of the inclination to vomit
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periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of the teeth
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peristalsis (peri - around; -stalsis contraction)
wavelike contraction that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal
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postprandial (PP) (post- after; prand/i - meal; -al pertaining to)
after a meal
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proctologist (proct/o - anus and rectum; log - study of; -ist one who specializes)
physician who specializes in the study of the anus and rectum
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stomatitis (stomat - mouth; -itis inflammation)
inflammation of the mouth
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ulcer
open lesion or sore of the epidermis or mucous membrane
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ulcerative colitis
disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the large intestine
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vomit
to eject stomach contents through the mouth
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CUC
chronic ulcerative colitis
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GTT
glucose tolerance test
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IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
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NPO, npo
nothing by mouth
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PP
postprandial (after meals)
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RDA
recommended dietary or daily allowance
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UGI
upper gastrointestinal
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gastroesophageal reflux
condition that occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to back up (reflux) into the the esophagus.
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