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Refers to the physical changes that occur in the size of human beings.
It is also a constant state of change from moment of conception to death, and it’s highly individualized
Growth
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Refers to function or gradual process of change from simple to complex skills performed by a person
Development
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Growth that occurs in an orderly and predictable pattern that proceeds from the head toward the feet
Cephalocaudal
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Development that proceeds from the center of the body towards the outside
Proximodistal
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3 factors that influence growth and development
Biological, Environmental, Social Factors
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Any substance or process that interferes with normal prenatal development causing an abnormality in the developing fetus
Teratogen
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Engagement/Commitment stage
Couple acknowledges they are considering marriage
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Establishment Stage
Extends from wedding till birth of first child
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Expectant Stage
Conception through pregnancy
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Parenthood Stage
Begins at birth or adoption of first child
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Disengagement stage of parenthood
Grown children depart from home
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Senescence
Last stage! Growing old
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Male dominated family
Patriarchal
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Female dominated family
Matriarchal
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Both parent dominate equally
Democratic
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Birth to 18months (trust vs mistrust)
Infants
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18 months to 3 years TODDLERS
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt
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Preschoolers 3-5
Initiative vs guilt
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School age 5-12
Industry vs inferiority
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Adolescence 12-18
Identity vs role confusion
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Young adult 18-40
Intimacy vs Isolation
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Older Adult 40-65
Generativity vs stagnation
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Oldest adults 65+
Integrity vs Despair
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Learning through sense and body movement
Sensorimotor birth-2years old
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Related objects and events to self and begins to use symbolism and imagination
Preoperational Thought 2-7years old
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Concrete problem solving and inductive reasoning
Concrete operational thought 7-11 years old
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Develops ability to analytically solve problems and engage in abstract reasoning
Formal operational thought 11+
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Infancy 1-12months
How many pounds does the baby gain per month until 5 months?
1.5 pounds
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Baby weights _____ by 6 months ____by 1 year of age
Doubles and triples
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Babies grow how many inches per month during the first year of life ?
1 inch per month typical length is 30-32 inches
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When does separation anxiety begin?
8 months
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Uses senses to learn about self and environment. Have no sense of right or wrong
Cognitive and moral development (paiget’s)
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How do you introduce food to babies ?
1 food at a time, several days apart , cereal first, fruits and veggies, meats last. Watch for allergic reactions
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How do you reduce the risk of SIDS?
Put infant on back to sleep and keep room well ventilated.
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Leading cause of injury to children?
Accidents
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Toddlers vital signs
- Pulse 80-120
- BP 100-80/64
- Temp 98-100
- Respirations 20-30
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Which age group is eogitistical and impulsive ? They learn by limitations
Toddlers
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What age can kids be toilet trained ?
18-24 months
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Age group for Preoperational Thought Stage
Toddler 1-3 years old
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Initiative Vs Guilt
Preschoolers 3-5 develops a sense of independence and learns from parents
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Preoperational Thought Stage
3-5
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Needs protein, calcium, and phosphorus. Begins to learn about stranger danger and playground safety
Preschoolers 3-5
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6-12 years old
School age
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Growth slow and steady. Height increases 2-3 inches and weight 4-6 pounds per year
School age 6-12
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Industry vs inferiority
6-12 school age
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Concrete operations thought
Thoughts become more logical and coherent. Develops problem solving and inductive reasoning. Views world more realistically. Learns what it means to be a good person
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Identity vs Role Confusion
Adolescence 12-18
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Return to behavior typical of an earlier stage
Regression
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Formal operational Thought (permits abstract reasoning and analytical problem solving) search for moral code
Adolescence 12-18
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Increased caloric and Protein needs..may be deficient in calcium iron and zinc
12-18 adolescence
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Optimal level of functioning
Young adult
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18-40 years old
Young adult
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Intimacy vs isolation
Young adult 18-40
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Ability to analyze problem solve and abstract thought
Young adult 18-40
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40-65 years old
Middle adult
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Hot flashes , night sweats, irritability, great tenderness , mood swings
Menopause (40-65)
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Generatively(productive) vs Stagnation
Middle adult 40-65
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Discrimination and prejudice against older adults
Ageism
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Ego integrity vs Despair
65+
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Sense of satisfaction with life
Ego integrity
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A child born with spina bifida who is paralyzed from the waist down
Biological
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Sexually abused child who does not act appropriately with other children
Social
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A child exposed to industrial strength pesticides and suffered brain damage
Environmental
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