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The liver stored which fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
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Most absorption of nutrients takes place in the ____
Small intestine
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The _____ is the first 10 inches of the small intestine. The _____ is 8ft and the _____ is about 11 ft.
1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum
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Name 3 actions of the large intestine
•vitamins produced by normal flora is absorbed •absorbs water and minerals •temporarily stores and then eliminates indigestible material.
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The ______ regulates blood levels of nutrients
Liver
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The only digestive function of the liver is to produce ____
Bile
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The liver removes potentially toxic substances such as _____
Alcohol
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What metabolism bases it’s blood levels on tissue needs for protein synthesis?
Amino Acid Metabolism
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: metabolism of the liver that regulates the blood glucose level by storing excess glucose as glycogen and releasing stored glycogen when blood glucose is too low
Carbohydrate metabolism
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: metabolism of the liver that synthesizes albumin, clotting factors , and globulins?
Synthesis of plasma proteins
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What organs perform a role in providing the body with activated vitamin D?
Skin, kidneys, and liver.
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What are some effects of aging on the hepatic system?
•increases gallstones •decreased metabolism of drugs
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What are some effects of aging on the pancreatic system?
•increase risk for pancreatic cancer •increased acute pancreatitis
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What are some effects of aging on the GI system?
•dysphagia •aspiration risk • decreased appetite and taste •tooth loss •decreased saliva •constipation
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Patients with liver or gallbladder disease may have what color stools?
Pale or clay colored
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What are the risk factors for C-diff?
•recent use of azithromycin •recent hospitalization •recent use of penicillin
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To observe for jaundice what areas of the body would a nurse need to assess?
•skin •sclera •conjunctivae •palms of hands/soles of feet
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What may cause a false negative result of parasites?
•urine is specimen •if they specimen is not fresh
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For what reasons would a GI intubation be ordered?
•gavage •lavage •decompression •obtain gastric secretions
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_____ ____ tube is the best voice for continuous suctioning.
Salem slump tube
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____,____, and _____ values would be closely monitored for a patient with parental nutrition.
Electrolytes, glucose, and albumin values
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What diagnostic procedure on stool specimens would you need to get using sterile technique?
Stool for culture
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Following a barium swallow, the patients stool may be _____.
White
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When inserting a NG tube you would need to put the patient in ____ ____ position.
High Fowler’s
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After a liver biopsy you would need to instruct the patient to __________
Lie on the right aide for 2 hours
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A patient with chronic gastritis is at risk for vitamin ___ deficiency,
Vitamin B12
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What are some nursing action you can implement and teach for a patient with nausea?
•avoid triggers •provide frequent oral care •allow for quiet, Oder free, clean room
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To be a candidate for nariateic surger you must weigh _____lb over ideal body weight and have a BMI of _____
100 lb. BMI >40
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A patient who has had stomach reducing gastric surgery may ____ if the over eat or don’t chew their food well.
Vomit
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What can lead to rampant tooth decay in Ofer adults?
Xerostomia
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A patient is doing a swish and swallow for an oral yeast infection. You should inform them not to ___ or ___ for 20-30 minutes after the swish and swallow.
Eat or drink
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Teach a patient when doing a swish and swallow to wish for ____-_____ seconds for adequately coat the mouth, throat, and lining.
20-30 seconds
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A ____ ___ surgery would be used to correct a hiatal hernia and gastroesophageal disease (GERD).
Nissen fundoplication
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What are some of the causes of gastritis?
•spicy foods •smoking •H.pylori
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Name two H2 receptor blockers.
1. ranitidine 2. cimetidine
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omeprazole and lanzoprazole are _____ ____ inhibitors.
Proton pump inhibitors
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Hematemesis, occult blood, and melenaware considered to be blood _____ from the GI tract.
Blood loss
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If a patient is in post op after gastric surgery and their NG tube isn’t putting out drainage and their abdomen is destended, what should the nurse do first?
Call the physician
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What can contribute to constipation?
•age •decreased mobility •narcotics •decreased fluid intake
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A patient has had diarrhea for 3 days and several times a day, what is the nurses first priority?
Replacement of fluids and electrolytes
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A person with diverticulosis should be taught what kind of diet tips?
•avoid nuts •eat fruit (strawberries) •avoid tomatoes (because of seeds)
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Crohn’s disease can occur ____ in the GI system
Anywhere
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Ulcerative colitis occurs in the ____ and ____.
Large intestine and rectum
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A patient with Celiac diseas needs to avoid gluten on their diet such as: ____,_____, and _____.
Wheat, rye, and barley.
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What are some contributing factors to the development of hemorrhoids?
•prolonged sitting or standing •obesity •straining during bowel movements
-
Car for a patient who is post op hemorrhoidectomy include ____,____, and _____
•ice packs •sitz bath •side lying position
-
What are some foods that ostomy patients can avoid to prevent odor and gas?
•brussel sprouts •cabbage •coleslaw •broccoli
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Name some antiemetics
•Ondansetron •Promethazine •Prochlorperazine
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Acute pancreatitis is most commonly associated with ______ or _______.
Heavy alcohol consumption or gallstones
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Promethazine, odansetron, and prochlorperiaine are used for _____.
Nausea
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The estimated survival time is poor at ___-___ months
4-6 months
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What is the Kemal WBC range
5,000-10,000
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What is the normal K+ level?
3.5-5.0
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What lab work do you check for a patient on warfarin?
INR
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What lab work do you check with a patient on Lovenox?
Platelets
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What lab work do you check in a patient on furosemide?
K+
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The _____ is where a the majority of water reabsorption takes place.
Large intestine
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The ____ is a muscular tube that connects the oral cavity to the esophagus.
Pharynx
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Digestion is completed in the _____ _____.
Small intestine
-
What is the most abundant plasma protein?
Albumin
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What are all the things the liver stores?
•iron •copper •vitamins A,D,E, and K •B12
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The function of bile is to carry ____ and excess ___ to the intestine to be eliminated on feces.
Bilirubin and cholesterol
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____ amino acids cannot bs synthesized by the liver
Essential
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The liver forms ____ for transport of lipids in the blood to other tissues
Lipoproteins
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Black stools indicate
Bleeding
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___ factors are made in the liver
Clotting
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Decreased _____ levels can indicate acute chronic liver disease, kidney disease, and malnutrition
Albumin
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Increased ____ can indicate cirrhosis and hepatitis
Ammonia
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_____ allows visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and upper duodenum.
Endoscopy
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