Cancer ( for final )

What is cancer?

In normal cell division, cell division stops when normal cells _____ _____ ____

Cancer cells form a mass called a ____

____cells form when the body doesn’t need them and they don’t die. They lack contact inhibition

Cancer cells lack _____ _____

: new growths of abnormal tissue.

Not all neoplasms contain _____ cells

What are the two types of neoplasms?

: non cancerous cells and non recurrent

: cancer cells that are unlimited in forethought. May lead to metastasis ( spreading)

Cancerous tumors have to be _____ or ____ I’m size to bed detected

: irregular borders, immovable, and recurrence is common.

An organ containing a ___ tumor can usually function as usual without complications. (Unless size interferes with function;swallowing, breathing, blood flow etc)

An organ containing a _____ tumor will eventually be effected and it’s function will be altered.

: the spread of a tumor from the primary side to a different area or distant part of the body

Metastasis can occur by three means : 1.________, 2._______,3.______

______ tumors carry with them the cell characteristics of the original tumor( lung tissue found in brain tissue)

_____ simply means that a tumor is contained within one area

: normal cells become altered or damaged due to carcinogen exposure

: repeated exposure to carcinogens that cause cells to mutate

: after promotion, further mutation occurs from carcinogen exposure

Name some risk factors for cancer

: cancer of skin and organs with lining( lungs, colon, etc.) most common type

: cancer of the blood, bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue

: cancer of the lymph nodes or spleen

: cancer of the bone marrow.

: cancer cells that produce skin pigment

Most common cancers in men are

Most common cancers in women are

Women’s Pap testing should be done no later than age

Women who are 30-65 yo should have a Pap smear with an HPV test every ____ years

Mammography should be done once every 1-2 years in anyone older than ___

After age 65, a woman who has had __ normal paps in a row within the past 10 years can choose to stops screaming

Pickled and smoke food are a risk for ___

A ____ must be done to diagnose cancer

A increase ____ ____ can indicate bone metastasis

Tumor markers such as_____ and _____ hell monitor tumor response and progress of treatment not the progression.

: stage of cancer where malignant cells are confined to tissue of origin with no signs of mets

: stage of cancer with limited spread of cancer to local area generally to are of lymph nodes

: stage of cancer where the tumor is larger and probably has invaded surrounding tissue

: stage of cancer where cancer has invaded and metastasized to distant parts of the body

TNM system

: type of surgery when entire tumor is removed

: surgery done for pain purposes and control symptoms( not a cure)

: mole or polyp removal

_____ radiation allows for higher doses without destroying surrounding tissues

_____ radiation bean radiation is used to destroy cancer cells with minimal damage

_____ radiation does not cause the patient to be radioactive

_____ radiation causes a person to be radioactive

: administration of radiation distributed through the patients body.

Internal unsealed radiation is administered per ___ and ____

: administration of radiation into hollow cavity. Delivers continuously over hours or days.

Internal sealed radiation can be used for ____,____,and _____ cancer

A nurse should spend less than ___ hr with radioactive patient

With internal radiation therapy, visitors are limited to ____min, standing as far away from site as possible

Prevent dislodgment of the sealed radiation implant from cavity through _______ and _____

If vagina radiation implant, keep legs

If patient is receiving sealed radiation do not bathe

____ will be in place to keep bladder from exposure to radiation and because of strict bed rest

With a person receiving sealed radiation , do not raise HOB more than ____ to prevent dislodgment

With sealed implant keep long handled forceps and a ___ container at bed side

Check placement of sealed implant by checking the ___

If sealed implant falls out

After internal sealed radiation implant removal 1.________2.______3.______

External radiation can be very drying to skin, you should use ___ based lotions approved by HCP.

Pt receiving external radiation should avoid 1.______2._______3._____

___ markings are required for external radiation and should NOT be removed

External radiation treatment are relatively less than ___ mins

: affects the cells that rapidly divide and reproduce ( normal cells of GI, oral cavity, hair follicles, and bone marrow)

Avoid __ and ___ because pectin can contain bacteria

All malignant cells must be _____ in order for cancer to be cured

Routes of chemotherapy administration

Better result of cancer treatment are usually achieved with ______ therapy vs. single agent

______ is given in a series of cycles to allow for recover of normal cells and to destroy more of the malignant cells

Most chemo regimens are every ___ weeks

Chemo therapy cycles are utilized to give blood counts the chance to ____________

Many different classes of chemotherapy drugs are available but they all have the same goal which is

All chemotherapies have an effect on ___ cells and _____ cells

: an oral chemotherapy medication that causes red irons, loss of hair, N/V, cardiac damage, vesicant (blistering)

: oral chemotherapy medication that causes hair loss, neuropathy, and muscle aches

:oral chemotherapy medication that causes SOB, cough, and pulmonary fibrosis.

: used to treat blood disorders caused by chemo by stimulating the production of blood cells

: Epogen, Epoetin Alpha, Procrit- stimulates RBC production

: Neumega (Oprelvekin) - stimulates WBC production (platelets)

Because colony stimulating factors are proteins do not ___ or ___ container

: Leukine (Sargramostin)- stimulates WBC production

: Neupogen, Neulasta (Filgrastim, Pegfilgrastim)- stimulates WBC production

What is the most serious side effect of chemo therapy?

What are the side effects of chemotherapy?

Chemotherapy patient teaching

Most common ant-metics given to chemo patients

If a patient has stomatitis they should use a neutral mouth wash of ____,____, and ____

___ ____ May prevent hair falling out in patients undergoing chemo

What are some Reproductive alterations that may happen for a patient under going chemo

“Chemo fog” memory lapse, trouble concentratin, unable to multitask, or remember details

Chemo treatment is with heals if blood counts are too ___

Never use a ____ or ____ to clean up chemo medication

B.I.T.E.S.

Bleeding suggests _____ _____

Infection suggests low____ and risk for _____

Tiredness suggests ____

Emesis suggests altered ______ and electrolyte——-

Skin changes suggests _____ reaction or skin ____

The 3 ongoing care needs for a patient that begins at the diagnosis of cancer

Hospice care patients have to have less than a ____ month prognosis

Hospice cares goal is to keep patient ______ and to promote

What are the stage of grieving/death and dying.

: fluid around the heart s/s edema, SOB

: seen in patients with bone metastasis to spine. S/s sever low back pain and most often lose the use of their legs

: most common in lung cancer patients, large tumor that blocks blood flow through vena cava s/s high pitch voice, edema of head and neck, seizures

: most often see with patients with bone metastasis. The calcium leaves bone due to disease and deterioration and enters into the circulatory system s/s calcium level over 11, confused, disoriented

If patients calcium levels get too high they can go into a ___