-
: produces and forms urine, excretion or conservation of water, electrolyte balance, activates vitamin D, acid base balance, and production of erythropoietin
Kidneys
-
: renal filtrate the kidneys form In 1 minute
Glomerular filtration rate
-
The average glomerular filtration rate is ______ to _____milliliters per minute
100-125
-
Normal urine output
30mL/ hr
-
Renal function test may be normal until the GFR falls below _____% of normal
50%
-
:carries urine from kidney to bladder
Ureters
-
:measure of dissolved material in the urine
Specific gravity
-
Normal specific gravity is
1.005-1.030
-
Low specific gravity =
Dilute
-
High specific gravity =
Concentrated
-
-
Considered normal pH range
4.5-8.0
-
Vegetarian = more _____ urine
Alkaline
-
High protein diet =more _____ urine
Acidic
-
3 waste products of urine
Urea, creatinine, and Uric acid
-
_____ blood pressure occurs with kidney disease
High
-
Crackles in the lungs indicate
Fluid over load
-
Edema in Peri orbital areas, sacrum, and abd indicate
Fluid over load
-
If renal disease is suspected, an ______ _____measurement should be taken
Orthostatic BP
-
Skin with a yellow or grey cast is called
Uremia(build up of waste products)
-
Crystals formed on the skin
Uremic frost
-
What specimen should be collected for a urinalysis
First morning urine
-
What would you need to instruct females to do before collecting specimen for urinalysis
Clean peri area. With mid stream hold labia open
-
With a UTI urine may be ______,_______,and_________.
Cloudy, WBC positive, and Nitrite positive.
-
This test identifies organisms in the jrine( often bacteria)
Urine culture (antibiotic needs to be given after collections of specimen)
-
Normal serum creatinine
0.6-1.5
-
The higher the serum creatinine, the more ____ the kidney function
Impaired
-
:the easy product from muscle metabolism and is a very good indicator of kidney function.
Serum creatinine
-
:test urea in urine which is easy product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys.
BUN
-
Elevated BUN could indicate
Dehydration
-
BUN can be elevated and serum creatinine could be normal and it would indicate
Dehydration
-
Normal creative clearance test range
85-125 mL/min
-
: measures the amount of creatinine cleared from the blood in a specified time by comparing the amount of creatinine cleared in the urine
Creatinine clearance test
-
Minimum creatinine clearance of ____mL/minute is needed to live without dialysis
10mL/min
-
Normal serum uric acid range
2-7 mg/dI
-
Elevated _____ could indicated gout as well as kidney disease
Serum uric acid
-
Important post op for patient who had renal biopsy
Monitor for bleeding, sand bags under abd patient needs to be laying prone during procedure, NPO 6-8 hours.
-
:imaging of renal pelvis, calyces, and ureter.
Pyelogram
-
: contrast injected IV, serial x rays show contrast is cleared from blood by kidneys
IV Pyelogram
-
:introduction of dye through ureter
Retrograde pyelogram
-
:contrast introduced by percutaneous needle puncture into renal pelvis
Antegrade pyelogram
-
Check____ prior to contrast media for pyelogram
Creatinine levels
-
Check _____ and _____ before giving contrast with a renal angiography
Creatinine and GFR
-
The most important post care for a patient after a cystoscope and pyelogram is to measure ____ to identify retention due to swelling
Urine out put
-
:involuntary urine loss with abrupt/strong desir to void “unable to make it to the bathroom”
Urge incontinence
-
: involuntary urine loss from increasing abd pressure
Stress incontinence
-
:inability to get to toilet due to environment barriers ( unable to walk, dementia, etc.)
Functional incontinence
-
:involuntary loss of urine associated with bladder overdistention
Over flow incontinence
-
:continuous, unpredictable loss of urine
Total incontinence
-
The bladder should contain ____ or less after urination
50mL
-
Residual urine volume of _____ to ____ mL of urine indicates the need for treatment
150 to 200 mL
-
____ ____ is not justification for a catheter
Urinary incontinence
-
Urinary catheters increase risk for ___
Infection
-
What is the most common hospital acquired infection?
UTI
-
: common+pelvic pain and pressure; inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
-
: common+costovertebral tenderness, high fever, chills, N/V; inflammation and infection of the kidneys
Pyelonephritis
-
:sepsis caused by UTI
Urosepsis
-
To help prevent UTI encourage patient to increase fluid intake to ____ ml of fluid a day
3000ml
-
:hard. Small stones in the urinary tract, can form in kidney, ureter, or bladder.
Renal Calculi (urolithiasis)
-
_____ is the most common calculi
Calcium oxalate
-
Stones less than ____ millimeters can pass easily in urine
5 millimeters
-
:dilation of renal pelvis and calycs as a result of obstruction in urine flow
Hydronephrosis
-
:incision in flank area and tube is inserted directly into the kidney and attached to a collection bag
Nephrostomy
-
Most common urinary cancer is
Bladder cancer
-
:multiple tags in the kidneys
Polycystic kidney disease
-
: long term complication of diabetes; most common cause of chronic kidney disease
Diabetic nephropathy
-
:large amounts of protein lost in urine
Nephrotic syndrome
-
:hypertension causes damage to kidneys by sclerotic changes
Nephrosclerosis
-
:inflammatory disease of the glomerulus
Glomerulomephritis
-
Glomerulonephritis is most commonly associated following a ______ infection of the throat
Strep
-
:sudden loss of kidney function
Acute kidney injury
-
:gradual decrease In kidney function
Chronic kidney disease
-
Stage 1 chronic kidney disease GFR is ____ or greater
90
-
Stage 2 chronic kidney disease. GFR is ____-____
60-89
-
Stage 3 chronic kidney disease. GFR is ____ -_____
30-59
-
Stage 4 chronic kidney disease. GFR is ____-_____
15-29
-
Stage 5 chronic kidney disease, dialysis/transplant. GFR IS less than ____
15
-
: artificial kidney removes waste products and excess water from blood
Hemodialysis
-
:tube inserting through abd to remove waste
Peritoneal dialysis was
-
What are some S/S of a UTI
Dysuria, urgency, frequency
-
What are some actions to teach a patient to help prevent or slow profession of diabetic nephropathy?
Control BS and BP, restrict protein in their diet
-
What is the priority action to prevent acute kidney injury?
Check GFR and creatinine before contrast media or nephrotoxic medications
-
What is a nurses priority during data collection of a patient with a vascular access?
Listen for a Bruit at the aces and palpate for a thrill
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