bio ch 5 microbio

can only reproduce when inside other cells

• non living
• relies on host machinery for everything whenever possible
• not treatable by antibiotics cus they penetrate host cells

virus for bacteria

when virus enters host it immediately transcripts and translates to reproduce and then lyses cell and leaves

enters but remains latent for a while before replicating and bursting

• only in animal viruses
• same as lytic but it buds off host cell, doesn't lyse it

self-replicating misfolded proteins that misfold existing proteins of the same kind

• ss-RNA that replicates by using host machinery and making it work on itself even if the RNA pol depends on DNA
• mechanism unknown

bacteria that cant survive in a minimal media cus they have a mutation in a gene that produces smth they need to live

• uses oxygen when its around but not needed for metabolism
• like "functional" anaeorbe meaning can still function metabolically wout ox.
• muscle cell is example

• can grow w or wout oxygen, doesn't use it for metabolism
• "tolerates" oxygen but doesn't need it

• poisoned by oxygen
• can't neutralize the free oxygen radicals
• "obligated" to be an anaerobe cus can't stand oxygen

• lighter purple/pink
• has a layer outside of the wall that makes it more resistant to antibiotics
• thin peptidoglycan layer

• darker purple
• thick layer of peptidoglycan on cell wall