-
medical problems associated with obesity
hypertension, dyslipidemia, gout, diabetes, early cardiovascular disease, and certain forms of cancer, cholelithiasis, osteoarthritis, & sleep apnea
-
hypertension
due to increase of salt intake, increase of stress brought on by being overweight and inactivity
-
dyslipidemia
high HDL or bad cholesterol, which builds up and clogs vessels
-
gout
increase of salty food intake
-
diabetes
increase of sugar intake due to poor nutrition, and increase of food intake
-
early cardiovascular disease
high HDL, refer to dyslipidemia
-
cholelithiasis
(gall stones) due to poor nutrition
-
osteoarthritis
due to stress brought on by excess weight brought on by obesity
-
sleep apnea
due to extra weight on the person's chest, which constricts proper breathing
-
body mass index
(BMI) a tool used to determine ones ideal weight
-
causes of obesity
sedentary lifestyle (lack of activity), increase of food portions, increase in consumption of sugar based beverage, poor eating habits
-
things one can do to change eating habits
set a structured eating habit (timed schedule), increased chewing of foods, self regulation of food intake & increase the intake of water, hydration may improve insulin resistance and promotes the body's use of insulin
-
physiologic influence on obesity
thrifty genes, predisposition, gender, emotional, activity, altered metabolism and hormonal
-
prevention of obesity
begin in infancy with appropriate weight gain, develop pos. food habits in childhood, encourage high-fiber foods & slow paced eating, avoid rewarding & comforting w/ food, drink water, include regular physical activity on most days
-
treatment strategies for obesity
count calories (use the labels), promote intake of fibers, chew more, more unsaturated fat, use the food Pyramid, eat more legumes to replace grains, set a realistic goal, eat less fat & carbs, & increase physical activity
-
obesity meds
orlistat, meridia, buproprion, topamax, controversial supplement
-
orlistat
potent inhibitor of intestinal lipases; side effects include diarrhea and potential nutritional deficiencies, especially of fat soluble vitamins, decrease absorption of many prescriptions
-
meridia
appetite suppressant; can be prescribed short term only
-
buproprion (Wellbutrin)
an antidepressant
-
topamax
not FDA approved for weight loss
-
controversial supplement
conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)
-
surgical interventions
Gastric banding, stomach stapling, bariatric surgery, gastric bypass
-
Bariatric surgery
reduces stomach size to volume of about 1/4 cup and bypasses a portion of the small intestine for decreased absorptive area
-
possible nutritional complications of bariatric surgery
iron-deficiency anemia, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 def., osteoporosis from decreased cal. absorption, thiamin def. caused by vomiting, hair loss
|
|
