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Proteins
- -made of aa
- -peptide bond
- various functions
- -condensation rxn
- amine on one end carboxyl on other
- R functional group gives it characteristics
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protein structures
- Primary; linked by peptide bonds, aa sequence
- secondary; h-bonds btwn amine and carboxyl groups, helices and pleated sheets
- tertiary; interactions btwn R-groups; electrostat. attractions, disulfide bridges, h-bonds, hydrophobicity
- quatrenary; more than 1 polypep chain
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carbs
- made of monosaccharides
- polymer, condensation rxn
- glycosidic linkage
- energy souce
- starch has branching w 1,6 and 1,4 links, alpha gluc
- glycogen has branching, alpha gluc
- cellulose is beta glucose
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lipids
- methane one end carbonic acid on other
- not polymers
- bilayer, fat, cholesterol-steroid backbone
- hydrophobic
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lipid structure
- forms micelles (round) cus of hydrophobicity
- can be saturated (all single bonds, max H), or unsat (dble bonds)
- cis unsat (Hs on same side of dble bond) gives molecule a kink so less packing
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types of lipids
triglycerids; 1 glycerol, 3 FAs by esterification. inert form for FAs
- terpenes; class of molecs built from isoprene (C5H8)n
- steroids; have 4 ring cholesterol structure. mainly hydrophobic
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plasma memb fluidity affectors
- Low temp: memb will lose fluidity so u can increase unsat (make them kink so they bond less tight), shorten the FA chain (pack less tight), and add cholest.
- High temp: memb will be too fluid and melt so add sat (pack closer), long chains (pack closer), add cholest.
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nucleic acids
- -phosphodiester bond btwn 3'carbon and 5' phosphate
- nucleotide has nitrogenous base, phosphate, and pentose sugar
- deoxyribose has 1 less oxygen on C2
- for energy or DNA/RNA
- anhydride bonds is bond btwn phosphates, very energetic
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