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Marine Climates
Are considered relatively mild for their latitude because the moderating effect of water produces summers that are warm but not hot and winters that are cool but not cold.
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Continental Climates
Tend to be much more extreme.
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Tropical Rain Forest (Af, Am)
A luxuriant broadleaf evergreen forest; also the name given the climate associated with this vegetation.
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Tropical Wet and Dry (Aw)
A climate that is transitional between the wet tropics and the subtropical steppes.
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Deciduous
Shedding its leaves annually.
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Savanna
A tropical grassland, usually with scattered trees and shrubs.
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Dry
As one in which the yearly precipitation is less than the potential water loss by evaporation.
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Humid subtropical climates (Cfa)
are found on the eastern sides of the continents, in the 25° to 40° latitude range.
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Marine West Coast Climate (Cfb)
A climate found on windward coasts from latitudes 40° to 65° and dominated by maritime air masses. In this climate, winters are mild and summers are cool.
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Dry-Summer Subtropical Climate (Csa, Csb)
A climate located on the west side of continents between latitudes 30° and 45°. It is only the humid climate with a strong winter precipitation maximum.
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Humid Continental Climate (Dfa)
A relatively severe climate characteristic of broad continents in the middle latitudes between approximately 40° and 50° north latitude. This climate is not found in the Southern Hemisphere, where the middle latitudes are dominated by the oceans.
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Continental Climate
A climate lacking marine influence and characterized by more extreme temperatures than in marine climates; therefore, it has a relatively high annual temperature range for its latitude.
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Subarctic Climate (Dfc, Dfd)
A climate found north of the humid continental climate and south of the polar climate that is characterized by bitterly cold winters and short cool summers. Places within this climate realm experience the highest annual temperature ranges on Earth.
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Polar Climate (E)
A climate in which the mean temperature of the warmest month is below 10°C; a climate that is too cold to support the growth of trees.
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Taiga
The northern coniferous forest; also a name applied to the subarctic climate.
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Tundra Climate (ET)
A climate found almost exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere and at high altitudes in many mountainous regions. A treeless climatic realm of sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens dominated by a long, bitterly cold winter.
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Ice-cap climate (EF)
A climate that has no monthly means above freezing and supports no vegetative cover except in a few scattered high mountainous areas. This climate, with its perpetual ice and snow, is confined largely to the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.
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Highland Climate
Complex pattern of climate conditions associated with mountains. Highland climates are characterized by large differences that occur over short distances.
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Steppe
A large area of flat unforested grassland in southeastern Europe or Siberia
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