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What are the functions of the skeleton
- structure
- Protections
- Production of blood components
- movement
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How many bones in an adult
206
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What is the axial skeleton?
- consists of the skull
- spine
- ribs
- sternum (breastbone)
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How many bones in the spine?
33
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What are names of the 5 regions in the spine and their no. of vertebrae?
- cervical (neck) 7
- thoraic (chest) 12
- lumbar (back) 5
- sacrum (hip) 5
- coccyx (tail) 4
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Which part of the spine have no discs?
- the sacrum and coccyx
- they are fused (9)
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What are the vertebrae separated by
- intervertebral discs
- hard outer layer
- soft, jelly-like centres
- act as a shock absorber
- protect verterbrae
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ts of a typical vertebrae
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
- composed of
- limbs (arms and legs)
- pectoral girdle (shoulder)
- pelvic girdle (hip)
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What is in the pectoral girdle?
- consists of the collar bone (clavicle)
- and shoulder blade (scapula)
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What are the bones in the arms
- radius
- ulna
- carpel
- metacarpal
- phalange (digits) (in fingers/toes)
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What is the pelvic girdle
- consists of the two halves of the hip joined to the sacrum
- also connected to the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals and metatarsals and digits
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What are pentadactyl limbs
each limb that ends in five digits
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What are the pairs of ribs in the ribcage
- true ribs 1-7 (brestbone)
- false ribs 8-10 (to 7th)
- floating ribs 11-12 ( to spine)
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What is cartilage?
- contains a firm flexible fibrous protein (collagen)
- no blood vessels
- for the transport of materials, it depends on diffusing through cells to form it and therefore heals slower
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Examples and functions of cartilages
- pinna and trachea
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- protects bones (shock absorber)
- allows friction-free movement
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