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BLISTER BEETLES
There are no known BLANK and BLANK that effectively control blister beetles.
known predators or parasites
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BLISTER BEETLES
are attracted to blooming BLANK
ALFALFA
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BLISTER BEETLES
to reduce the incidence of blister beetles in alfalfa, cut hay before peak BLANK
cut hay before peak bloom
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BLISTER BEETLES
Alfalfa fields near natural areas or rangelands may have higher levels of blister beetles due to
the availability of BLANK egg pods OR BLANK bees in these undisturbed areas.
grasshopper egg pods or ground-nesting bees
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BLISTER BEETLES
Alfalfa fields near natural areas or rangelands may have higher levels of blister beetles due to
the availability of grasshopper egg pods or AND BLANK in these undisturbed areas.
grasshopper egg pods or ground-nesting bees
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Alfalfa fields near natural areas or rangelands may have higher levels of blister beetles due to
the availability of BLANK OR ground nesting bees in these undisturbed areas.
grasshopper egg pods or ground-nesting bees
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BLISTER BEETLES
are also found on the edge of the field or BLANK BLANK BLANK within the field.
field or congregated in groups within the field.
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Skip the edge of the field when
cutting
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BLISTER BEETLES
pick up the bales on the edge of the field separately and BLANK them from the rest of the field.
isolate them from the rest of the field.
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BLISTER BEETLES
No treatment thresholds have been established for blister beetles and BLANK BLANK generally are not needed
insecticide applications generally are not needed.
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BLISTER BEETLES
are among the largest beetles likely to be found in a sweep net sample in BLANK
ALFALFA
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BLISTER BEETLES
Blister beetles have an BLANK and BLANK life cycle
unusual and complex life cycle.
-
BLISTER BEETLE metamorphosis?
complete
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BLISTER BEETLES
deposit clusters of eggs in depressions in the
soil
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BLISTER BEETLES
larvae (called triungulin) seek out subterranean eggs of BLANK BLANK bees to complete development.
eggs of ground-nesting bees to complete development.
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BLISTER BEETLES
larvae (called triungulin) seek out subterranean INSECT egg pods or eggs of ground-nesting bees to complete development.
grasshopper egg pods or eggs of ground-nesting bees to complete development.
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BLISTER BEETLES
The triungulin of some species of blister beetles "hitch a ride" back to the hive with INSECTS
adult bees to feed on bee eggs.
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BLISTER BEETLES
do not cause widespread feeding damage to
alfalfa
-
BLISTER BEETLES
they contain a chemical, cantharidin, which is toxic to
livestock.
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BLISTER BEETLES
Cantharidin is contained in the BLANK
(blood) of the beetles
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BLISTER BEETLES
Cantharidin can contaminate forage directly, when beetles killed during harvest are incorporated into
baled hay, or indirectly, by transfer of the BLANK from crushed beetles onto forage.
baled hay, or indirectly, by transfer of the hemolymph from crushed beetles onto forage.
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BLISTER BEETLES
ANIMALS are particularly susceptible to the toxic effects of cantharidin.
HORSES
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BLISTER BEETLES
Consuming as few as NUMBER beetles can kill a horse.
SIX BEETLES
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BLISTER BEETLES
As long as blister beetles are alive and healthy, they can BLANK the field, minimizing hay contamination.
leave the field
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BLISTER BEETLES
The best way to reduce the risk of poisoning is to
avoid killing them.
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BLISTER BEETLES
inspection of hay bales before feeding them to horses can reduce the likelihood of blister beetle poisoning, but
this task is BLANK AND BLANK
difficult and time-consuming
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BLISTER BEETLES
No insecticides have enough BLANK ACTIVITY to kill blister beetles from the time sprays are applied up until harvest.
residual activity
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Because of the aggregative and restless nature of
blister beetles, BLANK CONTROL of blister beetles in
alfalfa may not be desirable.
chemical control
-
BLISTER BEETLES
dead beetles that remain in alfalfa foliage may render the hay BLANK
Dead beetles on the ground (or their cantharidin) can be BLANK BLANK into the hay
- toxic
- transferred back into the hay.
-
BLISTER BEETLES
The second THROUGH BLANK hay cuttings are at greatest risk of blister beetle contamination
second through fourth
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BLISTER BEETLES
The BLANK THROUGH fourth hay cuttings are at greatest risk of blister beetle contamination
second through fourth
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Adult blister beetles forage for a few weeks, mate, and then
deposit eggs in the BLANK
soil
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Livestock usually come into contact with blister beetles by consuming
alfalfa hay containing BLANK BLANK
dead beetles.
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Once contaminated, hay does not lose toxicity.
Cantharidin does not break down when heated or BLANK
heated or dried.
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Once contaminated, hay does not lose toxicity.
Cantharidin does not break down when BLANK or dried
heated or dried.
-
BLISTER BEETLES
cantharidin is secreted by the male blister beetle and given to the female as a copulatory gift during
MATING
-
BLISTER BEETLES
Symptoms of cantharidin poisoning include blood in the urine, abdominal pain, and
rarely prolonged erections
-
BLISTER BEETLES
potentially fatal. Ingesting cantharidin can initially cause severe damage to the lining of the
gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and may also cause permanent BLANK damage
gastrointestinal and urinary tracts, and may also cause permanent renal damage
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