Shoulder and Neck Muscles

Origin: anterior surface of ribs 3 - 5 (or 2 - 4)

Insertion: Coracoid process of scapula

Function: draws scapula forward & downward (ribs fixed), draws rib cage superiorly (scapula fixed)

Nerve: Medial pectoral nerve C8

Origin: costal cartilage of rib 1

Insertion: Groove on inferior surface of clavicle

Function: Stabilizes & depresses pectoral girdle

Nerve: Nerve to subclavius (C5, C6)

Origin: by series of muscle slip from ribs 1 - 9

Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula

Function: agonist to protract & hold scapula against rib cage, rotates scapula (inferior angle laterally & upward), abduct & raise arm &

Nerve: Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6)

• Origin: p. descendens: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C1 - C6
• p. transversa: spinous processes C7-Th3
• p. ascendens: spinous processes Th4-Th12

• Insertion: p. descendens: lateral 3rd of clavicle 
• p. transversa: acromion, superior margin spine of scapula 
• p. ascendens: lower medial edge of spine of scapula to deltoid tuberosity

Function: All p.: stabilizes, raises, retracts & rotates scapula; adducts & retracts scapula (middle); elevates scapula or synergist to head extension (superior); depresses scapula & shoulder (inferior)

Nerve: Accesory nerve XI, rr. ventrales, nn. cervicalium (C2)C3,C4

Origin: transverse processes of C1 - C4

Insertion: medial boarder of scapula, superior to spine

Function: elevates & adducts scapula (synergist to trapezius), tilts glenoid cavity down, flexes neck to same side (fixed scapula)

Nerve: Cervical nerve (C3,C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

Origin: spinous processes of C7 & T1

Insertion: medial boarder 

Function: retract scapula (squaring shoulders), synergist with middle fibres of Trapezius; rotate glenoid cavity downward (lowring arms against resistance); stabilize scapula

Nerve: dorsal scapular C4-C5

Origin: spinous processes of T2 - T5

Insertion: medial boarder of scapula

Function: retract scapula (squaring shoulders), synergist with middle fibres of trapezius; rotate gelnoid cavity downward (lowering arm against resistance); stabilize scapula

Nerve: dorsal scapular nerve C5

Origin: sternum (manubrium), clavicle (medial portion)

Insertion: mastoid process (temporal bone) and superior nuchal line (occipital bone)

Function: prime mover of active head flexion (when act together); rotates head toward opposite side (when act singularly)

Nerve: accesory nerve XI

Origin: transverse processes of C3 - C6

Insertion: first rib (inner boarder)

Function: elevation of 1st and and bends neck to same side as acting muscle, accesory muscle of respiration

Nerve: cervical spinal nerves, C5, C6

Origin: transverse processes of lower 6 cervical vertebrae

Insertion: first rib (upper surface)

Function: elevation of 1st and bends neck to same side as acting muscle, accesory muscle of respiration

Nerve: cervical spinal nerves, C5, C6,

Origin: transverse processes C3-C6

Insertion: occipital bone

Function: flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint

Nerve: cervical spinal nerves, C1 - C3/C4

Origin: transverse processes of C5, C6,C7

Insertion: second rib (outer surface)

Function: elevation of 2nd rib and tilts head to same side as acting muscle, accesory muscle of respiration

Nerve: cervical spinal nerves, C5, C6, C7

Origin: transverse processes of C5 - T3

Insertion: anterior arch of the atlas

Function: flexes neck and head

Nerve: cervical spinal nerve C2-C6

Origin: [capitis] Nuchal ligament and spinous process of C7-T3 [cervicis] spinous processes T4-T6

Insertion: [capitis] Mastoid process of temporal and occipital bone [cervicis] posterior tubercle of transverse process C1-C2

Function: Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the head

Nerve: C1-C5

Origin: [capitis]  articular processes C4-C6 [cervicis] spinous process C7 -T2 [thoracis] spinous process T11-L2

Insertion: [capitis] occipital bone, between superior and inferior nuchal line [cervicis] spinous process C2 [thoracis] spinous process T4-T8

Function: [thoracis + cervicis] spine extension and lateroflexion [capitis] head extension

Nerve: C1 - T8