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BEES WASPS
Most encounters with venomous arthropods involve stings
from ants, wasps, and bees, most of which
do not require professional medical treatment.
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BEES WASPS
Honey bee stings were recorded
4 times as frequently as vespid stings.
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BEES WASPS
Insect stings, primarily due to WHAT, were the single most
common cause of nonfatal injuries following Hurricane
Hugo, which hit the southeastern coast of the United States
in 1993 (Brewer et al., 1994).
YELLOWJACKETS
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BEES WASPS
are believed to cause about half of the
annually reported human deaths due to hymenopteran
stings in the United States (Schmidt, 1992).
HONEY BEES
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BEES WASPS
stings to the lips and nose are typically more
painful than stings to the
- upper arms and head (Smith,
- 2014).
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Although most ant stings are painful, those of
Paraponera BULLET ANT and Pogonomyrmex spp. are especially noteworthy.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
when a hypersensitized individual is stung again, the im-
mune system
overreacts to the presence of the same venom proteins.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Deaths from hymenopterous stings are usually due to
respiratory failure (70%).
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Family members of beekeepers can develop an
intense allergy to constituents of honey bee venom while
laundering venom-impregnated garments.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Embedded stings should be removed as
soon as possible to
stop any further venom injection.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Thesting apparatus should be scraped off as close as possible
to the skin surface, not pinched off, as the latter tends to
squeeze more venom into the sting site.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
The sting site should be
washed with soap and water to minimize the possibility of secondary infection.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
People with suspected or known venom hypersensitiv-
ity should be evaluated by an allergist-immunologist using
- skin testing or in vitro testing for specific venom IgE an-
- tibodies in the blood serum (Golden et al., 2017).
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Most physicians recommend that persons with demon-
strated hypersensitivity wear
an identification tag and carry a small emergency sting kit containing antihistamines and a syringe of epinephrine.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Some ant species are intermediate hosts for
parasitic helminths of vertebrates.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Formica spp. are intermediate hosts for the lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), which infests the
bile ducts of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, horses, dogs, and occasionally humans.
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BEES WASPS ANTS
Pavement ant workers and Pheidole ants serve as intermediate hosts of
the poultry
tapeworms Raillietina tetragona
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