NUR142#1lecture

A specific population or a group of people living in the same geographic area under similar regulations and having common values, interests and needs.

• People: vital statistics or demographics, families, culture
• Location: community boundarie
• Social systems: family, friends, church

• Provides accessible healthcare services for all residents
• Provides and maintain a safe and healthy environment.
• Provides the infrastructure (Roads, schools, parks, fire, emergency, trash, police) to meet the needs of the community)

• Holistic
• Designed to meet needs of people as they move between and among healthcare settings.
• Healthcare and services within a defined geographic region.

• Physician
• Nurse
• Specialized RNs
• Physician's assistants
• Physical Therapist
• Respiratory Therapist
• Occupational Therapist
• Speech Therapist
• Dietician
• Pharmacist
• Social Worker
• Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

• Known as the “gate-keeper”
• Emphasis is on disease
• Primarily responsible for diagnosis and treatment of illness or injury.

• Advanced Practice Nurses
• – Nurse Practitioner
• – Clinical Nurse Specialist
• – Nurse Midwife
• – Nurse Anesthetist
• -Case Manager

} Practices under supervision of a physician

} Role is to restore function following after an injury or illness.

Trained in techniques to assist lung function and oxygenation.

Assists clients to adapt to physical limitations.

• Assist clients who have impaired speech due to hearing difficulties, stroke, and general speech disturbances.
• Also assists patients with swallowing problems.

Manages and plans for the dietary needs of patients

• Responsible for tracking possible medication interactions and actual and potential medication errors.
• Licensed to prepare and dispense medications.

• Involved in activities related to counseling, referrals, and decision- making assistance for patients and families
• Social Worker

• Help the registered nurse provide direct care to patients.
• Collaboration
• Working jointly with others
• Collaboration is the key to excellent care for clients in any setting, whether hospital, home, industry, schools, or any other setting where people receive care.
• Unlicensed Assistive Personnel

• } Primary Care
• } Home Care
• } Nursing Centers
• } Ambulatory Care Centers and Clinics
• } Specialized Care
• } Long-Term Care
• } Hospice Services
• } Hospital Setting

} Focus primarily on acute care

• Public ownership
• Private ownership
• – For-Profit
• – Not-for-Profit

• Nurse’s roles:
• – Administrators,managers,staff nurses, advance practice nurses,educators and researchers.
• -Largest employer of nurses.

• Focus is on illness and diagnosis.
• Increased dependence on the system.
• Loss of autonomy.
• Limited control by patient and family.
• Care provided in an institution or facility.

• – hospital,long- term care facility
• – generally acute care focused
• – stay >24 hours

• – require health care services but doesn’t need to stay within institution
• – dramatic increase in outpatient services
• – majority of services provided outside hospital
• - Less than 23 hours

• -Community focused and client centered
• -holistic approach
• -prevention and advocacy focus
• -substantial client and nurse autonomy
• -Requires collaboration and critical thinking
• -consists of specialties and subspecialties including wellness care, ambulatory care, and home care

Care provided outside hopital setting, (clinics, schools, ddrs. surgery centers

• -Services:assessment, diagnosis,minor illness &surgery, well-child care, etc.
• -Nurse’s role-perform assessment, prepare clients, perform lab work, medication and injection administration, assist with minor surgery, record keeping, documentation.
• -Health services provided by physicians (general or specialist) or NP in office.

• } Allows individuals to receive health care services while recovering in their home.
• } Most rapidly growing area of health care system.
• } Services are delivered through Community Health Department, VNA, hospital based case managers and home health agencies.
• } Provides healthcare services to individuals and families in place of residence.

• – knowledge
• – ability to work independently
• – adaptability
• – Accountability
• – Collaboration
• } Skills required for home health nursing.

• } Roles of home health nurse
• – provider of care
• – client advocate
• – educator
• – coordinator of services
• } Goal: to promote health and wellness and to prevent disease

• } Delivery of primary care to specific populations
• } Focus is on community health,outreach, and wellness
• } Provides services to underserved or disadvantaged populations.
• } Managed by nurses

• } Free-standing or within hospital
• } Conveniently located,non-traditional office hours,walk-in services
• } Nurse activities: performs health assessments,provides direct care, educates, advocates,coordinates
• } Care provided by physician groups or nurse practitioner (NP)

• } Mental Health Centers
• } Rural Health Centers
• } Rehabilitation Centers
• } Schools
• } Industry
• } Homeless shelters
• } Churches
• Day-Care Centers

• } Provides health care &activity of daily living for people who are physically and mentally unable to care for themselves independently.
• } Extended care from days to years.
• } Independent facility or associated with hospital.
• } Nurse’s role-direct care, administrator, supervisor, educator

} Purpose-to provide terminally ill person and family with health and support services to enhance quality of life

} Nurse’s role: Supervisor, liaison, respite care provider, direct care and bereavement support

• -Purpose: to provide primary caregivers for the homebound ill, disabled or elderly patients some time away from the responsibilities of day to day care
• -Nurses role: Liaison and coordinator for respite care referrals

• } Nurses role: participate in health screenings and educational programs
• } Government: funded by tax dollars
• } Nurses role: provide care within the facility and give information about and make referrals to these agencies
• } Voluntary: non profit community agencies financed by private donations, grants, fundraisers. Provide a setting for support groups

} What are the components of a Community Assessment?

• – People
• – Place-Location
• – Social Systems

• } Data Collection Methods
• -Windshield Survey
• – Informant Interviews
• – Participant Observations
• – Secondary Data