-
What is the defininition of a community?
A specific population or a group of people living in the same geographic area under similar regulations and having common values, interests and needs.
-
According to Hunt, what three main things make up a community?
- People: vital statistics or demographics, families, culture
- Location: community boundarie
- Social systems: family, friends, church
-
What does a healthy community provide?
- Provides accessible healthcare services for all residents
- Provides and maintain a safe and healthy environment.
- Provides the infrastructure (Roads, schools, parks, fire, emergency, trash, police) to meet the needs of the community)
-
What is community based healthcare?
- Holistic
- Designed to meet needs of people as they move between and among healthcare settings.
- Healthcare and services within a defined geographic region.
-
Who are members of the health care team?
- Physician
- Nurse
- Specialized RNs
- Physician's assistants
- Physical Therapist
- Respiratory Therapist
- Occupational Therapist
- Speech Therapist
- Dietician
- Pharmacist
- Social Worker
- Unlicensed Assistive Personnel
-
What is the role of the physician?
- Known as the “gate-keeper”
- Emphasis is on disease
- Primarily responsible for diagnosis and treatment of illness or injury.
-
What are some specialized roles of nursing?
- Advanced Practice Nurses
- – Nurse Practitioner
- – Clinical Nurse Specialist
- – Nurse Midwife
- – Nurse Anesthetist
- -Case Manager
-
What does a physician's assistant do?
} Practices under supervision of a physician
-
What does a Physical Therapist do?
} Role is to restore function following after an injury or illness.
-
Respiratory Therapist
Trained in techniques to assist lung function and oxygenation.
-
What does an occupational therapist do?
Assists clients to adapt to physical limitations.
-
Speech Therapist
- Assist clients who have impaired speech due to hearing difficulties, stroke, and general speech disturbances.
- Also assists patients with swallowing problems.
-
What does a dietician do?
Manages and plans for the dietary needs of patients
-
What does a pharmacist do?
- Responsible for tracking possible medication interactions and actual and potential medication errors.
- Licensed to prepare and dispense medications.
-
What does a social worker do?
- Involved in activities related to counseling, referrals, and decision- making assistance for patients and families
- Social Worker
-
What do Unlicensed Assistive Personnel do?
- Help the registered nurse provide direct care to patients.
- Collaboration
- Working jointly with others
- Collaboration is the key to excellent care for clients in any setting, whether hospital, home, industry, schools, or any other setting where people receive care.
- Unlicensed Assistive Personnel
-
Examples of Healthcare Facilities including Practice Settings and Practice Opportunities
- } Primary Care
- } Home Care
- } Nursing Centers
- } Ambulatory Care Centers and Clinics
- } Specialized Care
- } Long-Term Care
- } Hospice Services
- } Hospital Setting
-
-
} Hospitals vary in size and services offered and are considered community agencies.
} Focus primarily on acute care
-
Ownership of Health Care Delivery Organizations
- Public ownership
- Private ownership
- – For-Profit
- – Not-for-Profit
-
Acute Care Hospitals:
- Nurse’s roles:
- – Administrators,managers,staff nurses, advance practice nurses,educators and researchers.
- -Largest employer of nurses.
-
Acute care nursing:
- Focus is on illness and diagnosis.
- Increased dependence on the system.
- Loss of autonomy.
- Limited control by patient and family.
- Care provided in an institution or facility.
-
Inpatient:
- – hospital,long- term care facility
- – generally acute care focused
- – stay >24 hours
-
Outpatient:
- – require health care services but doesn’t need to stay within institution
- – dramatic increase in outpatient services
- – majority of services provided outside hospital
- - Less than 23 hours
-
Community Based Nursing:
- -Community focused and client centered
- -holistic approach
- -prevention and advocacy focus
- -substantial client and nurse autonomy
- -Requires collaboration and critical thinking
- -consists of specialties and subspecialties including wellness care, ambulatory care, and home care
-
Community settings:
Care provided outside hopital setting, (clinics, schools, ddrs. surgery centers
-
Primary Care Centers:
- -Services:assessment, diagnosis,minor illness &surgery, well-child care, etc.
- -Nurse’s role-perform assessment, prepare clients, perform lab work, medication and injection administration, assist with minor surgery, record keeping, documentation.
- -Health services provided by physicians (general or specialist) or NP in office.
-
Home Healthcare:
- } Allows individuals to receive health care services while recovering in their home.
- } Most rapidly growing area of health care system.
- } Services are delivered through Community Health Department, VNA, hospital based case managers and home health agencies.
- } Provides healthcare services to individuals and families in place of residence.
-
Home Health Care Nursing:
- – knowledge
- – ability to work independently
- – adaptability
- – Accountability
- – Collaboration
- } Skills required for home health nursing.
-
Home Health Care Nursing continued
- } Roles of home health nurse
- – provider of care
- – client advocate
- – educator
- – coordinator of services
- } Goal: to promote health and wellness and to prevent disease
-
Nursing centers:
- } Delivery of primary care to specific populations
- } Focus is on community health,outreach, and wellness
- } Provides services to underserved or disadvantaged populations.
- } Managed by nurses
-
Ambulatory care:
- } Free-standing or within hospital
- } Conveniently located,non-traditional office hours,walk-in services
- } Nurse activities: performs health assessments,provides direct care, educates, advocates,coordinates
- } Care provided by physician groups or nurse practitioner (NP)
-
Specialized Care Center:
- } Mental Health Centers
- } Rural Health Centers
- } Rehabilitation Centers
- } Schools
- } Industry
- } Homeless shelters
- } Churches
- Day-Care Centers
-
Long-Term Care Facilities
- } Provides health care &activity of daily living for people who are physically and mentally unable to care for themselves independently.
- } Extended care from days to years.
- } Independent facility or associated with hospital.
- } Nurse’s role-direct care, administrator, supervisor, educator
-
Hospice Services:
} Purpose-to provide terminally ill person and family with health and support services to enhance quality of life
} Nurse’s role: Supervisor, liaison, respite care provider, direct care and bereavement support
-
Respite Care:
- -Purpose: to provide primary caregivers for the homebound ill, disabled or elderly patients some time away from the responsibilities of day to day care
- -Nurses role: Liaison and coordinator for respite care referrals
-
Health Care Agencies:
- } Nurses role: participate in health screenings and educational programs
- } Government: funded by tax dollars
- } Nurses role: provide care within the facility and give information about and make referrals to these agencies
- } Voluntary: non profit community agencies financed by private donations, grants, fundraisers. Provide a setting for support groups
-
Community Assessment
} What are the components of a Community Assessment?
- – People
- – Place-Location
- – Social Systems
-
Community Assessment Continued
- } Data Collection Methods
- -Windshield Survey
- – Informant Interviews
- – Participant Observations
- – Secondary Data
|
|