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1. M. frontalis
Origin: Galea aponeurotica
Insertion: Skin of eyebrows and root of nose
Function: Raise the eyebrows, wrinkles the forehead horizontally
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4. M. orbicularis oculi
Origin: Frontal and maxiallary bones and ligaments around orbit
Insertion: Tissue of eyelid
Function: Blinking, squinting, draws eyebrows inferiorly
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2. M. corrugator supercilii
Origin: Arch of frontal bone above nasal bone
Insertion: Skin of eyebrows and root of nose
Function: Draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly, wrinkles the forehead vertically (frowning)
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M. procerus
Origin: From fascia over the lower of the nasal bone
Insertion: Into the skin of the lower part of the forehead between the eyebrows
Function: Draws down the medial angle of the eyebrow giving expressions of frowning
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M. nasalis
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Nasal bone
Function: Compresses bridge, depresses tip of nose, elevates corners of nostrils
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18. M. orbicularis oris
Origin: Arises directly from maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Encircles mouth; inserts into muscle & skin at angles of mouth
Function: Closes lips, purses and protudes lips, kissing & whistling
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13. M. zygomaticus major
Origin: Zygomatic bone
Insertion: Skin and muscle at corner of mouth
Function: Raises lateral corners of mouth (smiling)
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14. M. risorius
Origin: Lateral fascia associated with masseter muscle
Insertion: Skin at angle of mouth
Function: Draws corner lip laterally, tense of lips, synergist of zygomaticus
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M. levator anguli oris
Origin: Maxilla
Insertion: Modiolus
Function: draws angel of mouth laterally and superiorly; depresses the nasolabial furrow (face of disgust)
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17. M. depressor labii inferioris
Origin: Body and mandible lateral to its midline
Insertion: Skin and muscle at of lower lip
Function: Draws lower lip inferiorly
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16. M. depressor anguli oris
Origin: Body of mandible, below incisors
Insertion: skin & muscle at angle of mouth (below insertion of zygomaticus)
Function: Draws corner of mouth laterally & downwardly, antagonist of zygomaticus
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M. mentalis
Origin: Anterior mandible
Insertion: Chin
Function: Elevates and wrinkles skin on chin
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15. M. buccinator
Origin: Molar region of maxilla and mandible
Insertion: Orbicularis oris
Function: Draws corner of mouth laterally, compresses cheek (sucking), hold food between teeth during chewing
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19. M. platysma
Origin: Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscle & deltoid)
Insertion: Lower margin of mandible and skin & muscle at corner of mouth
Function: Depresses mandible, pulls lower lip back and down
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20. M. masseter
Origin: Zygomatic arch and maxilla
Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible
Function: Prime mover of jaw closure, elevates mandible
Nerve: mandibular nerve (V3)
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21. M. temporalis
Origin: Temporal fossa
Insertion: Coronoid process of mandible
Function: Closes, jaw, elevates & retracts mandible, synergist of pterygoids, maintains position of mandible at rest
Nerve: Deep temporal nerve, anterior division of mandibular nerve (V3)
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22. M. pterygoideus medialis
Origin: Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxilla & palatine bone
Insertion: Medial surface of mandible near its angle
Function: Synergist of temporalis & masseter in elevation of the mandible, act with lateral pterygoid to protrude mandible to promote side-to-side movements
Nerve: Medial pterygoid nerve (of mandibular nerve (CN V3))
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23. M. pterygoideus lateralis
Origin: Greater wing & lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone
Insertion: Condyle of mandible and capsule of temporomandibular joint
Function: Protrudes mandible, provides forward sliding and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teeth
Nerve: Lateral pterygoid nerve (of mandibular nerve (CN V3))
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