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Describe rasping – sucking insect mouthparts
Three needle like organs called stylets lacerate or rasp the epidermis of plants until the sap flows out.
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The small, hole-like opening on either side of each of the first seven or eight abdominal segments when 10 are present, that open into the internal respiratory system of an insect
Spiracles
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What structures, if any, can be found on the abdomen of an insect?
Sex organs called cerci, which look like hairs or bristle like extensions
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Describe a geniculate antennae
Elbowed (ants)
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Define molting as it pertains to insects
Replacing the old outer layer with a new one
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What three structures can be found on the head of an insect?
Eyes, antennae, mouth parts
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Describe the reproductive system of insects and its importance pertaining to pest management
In most insects there are two sexes, although some species have both organs present in the same individual. Populations of social insects are predominantly non-reproductive females. The organs important for pest management purposes are the external organs located at the tip of the abdomen.
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Describe the circulatory system of an insect
No blood vessels. An open ended tube located along the insect's upper side and running the entire length of its body pumps blood. This tube picks up blood from the back portions of the body and pumps it into the head, at which point it flows back around the body parts to the rear, where it is picked up and pumped again. Blood flows in an open manner within the body
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The shape of the insect's external features are defined by its
Exoskeleton
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Describe a serrate antennae
Saw-like (drugstore beetle)
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What three things does an insect's exoskeleton protect against?
Parasites, predators, abrasive damage in the environment
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Describe the body wall of an insect
- Completely covers the insect. Sclerites– portions of the body wall that are hardened to form plates.
- Other portions are soft and flexible forming membranous sutures, or joints, between the sclerites. The body wall is always one piece, with hard and soft portions being variations of the same structure.
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Describe a clavate antennae
Clubbed (ladybird beetle)
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If an insect has a clubbed antennae, it's called
Clavate
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Describe the muscular system of insects
Some insects have over 2000 muscles. The muscles are arranged internally in a very efficient system allowing some insects to lift objects 20 times their weight.
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An insect's abdomen is typically composed of how many segments?
11, but the last segment may be so small or specialized that only 10 segments are easily visible.
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Name three types of appendages that may appear on the last segment of the abdomen of an insect
- Cerci - hairs, or bristle like extensions
- Genital appendages – claspers of the male, ovipositors of the female
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Describe setae and gland cells and describe their functions
Modifications to structures found in the exoskeleton in the form of sensory hairs and gland cells. These specialized structures are used for communication, food location, and other interactions between the insect and it's environment
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Describe the seven structures of a chewing insect's mouthparts
- Labrum – upper lip, simple flap covering upper jaws.
- Mandibles – upper jaws, two jaws with tooth like projections on inner side. Move transversely. Used to tear and chew.
- Hypopharynx – Tongue, fleshy sensory organ in mouth.
- Maxillae- lower jaws, pair consisting of several parts, move transversely. They pick up and hold food for biting and spooning. Maxillary palpus attached to outside and it may be used for taste, touch and smell.
- Labium – lower lip, bears a labial palpus on each side, same function as the maxillary palpus
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If a fly has antennae resembling feathery bristles, it's antennae are
Aristate
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If an insect has a thread like antennae, it's called
Filiform
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Define exoskeleton and list its functions
The hard outer covering of the body and the firm portion to which muscles are attached.
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