Part 13 (Chapter 14) Introduction to Urban and Industrial Integrated Pest Management

Flies and mosquitoes belong to the Order [a], ("di" means [b]; "pteron" means [c]. Members have one pair of functional wings and one pair of reduced wings that serve as balancing organs and are called [d].

Both flies and mosquitoes have a [a] metamorphosis.

The West Nile Virus is the causative agent of West Nile encephalitis. The key to managing this disease is mosquito [a] and control, and personal protection from mosquito bites.

The most important pest of wineries, pickle plants, and canneries is the [a].

[a] are larger than house flies, and females of many species lay [b] on meat scraps, decayed flesh or on dog excrement.

Dog heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) is a small roundworm transmitted to dogs through [a]. Once inside an untreated dog's body, the worms grow and lodge in the heart and nearby [b].

In the fall, adult [a] congregate in the voids of houses, particularly in the walls.

The most important source of bottle flies and blow flies in urban areas are [a]. Single cans have produced more than [b] flies in one week.

Both house flies and blow flies have mouthparts which enable them to ingest only [a] food. Solid food is liquefied by means of regurgitating [b].

Fungus gnats can be avoided by not overwatering [a] or allowing moisture to accumulate.

Encephalitis

a.)is easily diagnosed in humans

b.)outbreaks occur in early spring

c.)is caused by viruses that attack the central nervous system

d.)is vectored by several species of mosquitoes

The deer fly and horse fly

a.)are occasional pests of humans

b.)males feed on blood

c.)are aggressive, persistent feeders

d.)have been implicated in transmitting tularemia

The following are important because they are biting flies that attack humans

a.)horse flies

b.)stable flies

c.)black flies

d.)deer flies

Before selecting an insecticide for a mosquito control program, the following should be considered

a.)toxicity

b.)residual activity

c.)cost

d.)effectiveness

Flies such as

a.)fruit flies are active only indoors in the warm summer months

b.)moth flies will readily bite people

c.)phorid flies occupy breeding areas that are occasionally very difficult to locate

d.)eye gnats are not often associated with livestock operations

The following important domestic flies can be managed chemically by use of residual and contact sprays

a.)house fly

b.)horse fly

c.)fruit fly

d.)moth fly

Mosquitoes

a.)can be important carriers of disease organisms

b.)in the pupal stage, possess respiratory tubes for breathing

c.)can be distinguished easily from other flies by their size

d.)do not need to be properly identified for effective control

Hippelates flies

a.)are attracted to the eyes of the victim

b.)are non-biting

c.)posses a large frontal triangle

d.)are rarely in suburban areas

The little house fly, Fannia canicularis (L.)

a.)is smaller than the house fly

b.)larva develops inside earthworms

c.)appears in the early spring

d.)is a younger stage of the common house fly

Permanent water mosquitoes

a.)include Ochlerotatus trivitatus

b.)lay their eggs in ponds and lakes

c.)include Coquillettidia perturbans

d.)do not lay their eggs in shallow water

Besides residual sprays on dumpsters, good sanitation is the basic step in all fly management. Name five (5) sanitation or habitat alteration measures that will aid in fly control.

Both face flies and cluster flies overwinter in walls of buildings and may emerge in the spring or on warm days during the winter. List five (5) steps that may be followed to achieve control.

Larvae of cheese or ham skippers are important pests of cheese and meat. Outline three (3) approaches to cheese or ham skipper management.

The most effective control of mosquitoes around the home is to prevent them from breeding. Outline seven (7) measures to eliminate breeding sites.