Part 3 (Chapter 4) Introduction to Urban and Industrial Integrated Pest Management

[a] are chemicals that contact the outside of the insect's body directly while being applied.

The neonicotinoid compounds [a] and [b] are examples of active ingredients that disrupt transmissions of nerve impulses across synapses.

Most inorganics have rather [a] killing action and are some of the oldest insecticides, but [b] is an example of one that continues to be widely used today.

Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest is called a [a].

The amount of technical pesticide which will kill one half of a group of test animals is called the [a] The higher this number is for a particular pesticide, the [b] the toxicity of the pesticide.

[a] repel insects, mites, and ticks, and vertebrate pests.

Natural pyrethrins are used in combination with [a] such as piperonyl butoxide, to add insect killing power to the rapid flushing and knockdown action of pyrethrins.

[a] are gaseous pesticides whose physical properties enable them to penetrate solid material, such as wood and stored foods.

The mode of action for both organophosphates and carbamates involves the inhibition of an important enzyme in the nervous system called [a].

The oral LD 50 value for cypermethrin is 247 mg/kg, compared to >5,000 mg/kg for hexaflumuron; therefore, [a] is the more toxic of these two pesticides.

Dessicant insecticides
a.)must be swallowed to have action on pests

b.)are very fast acting

c.)have examples in pyrethrins, chlorpyrifos, and fipronil

d.)disrupt the protective, waxy outer coating on the insect cuticle

Synthetic pyrethroids
a.)are pyrethrin-like materials synthesized by chemists

b.)act by disrupting proper functioning of nerve axons

c.)generally have some form of improved action compared to natural pyrethrins

d.)have long residual action and may have rather poor flushing and knockdown activity

Pheromones
a.)cause death by dehydration

b.)kill pest eggs

c.)destroy microorganisms

d.)are chemicals used by insects and vertebrates to communicate with each other (to attract, to repel, to alarm, etc.)

Boric acid is still widely used today because it
a.)has long residual action

b.)is non-repellent to cockroaches and ants

c.)has a fast killing action

d.)has no known pest resistance problems

The type of formulation can greatly affect the
a.)resistance of the pest to the active ingredient

b.)persistence of the effective residual activity

c.)speed of contact action

d.)variety of surface types on which effective residual action can be achieved

You should not keep an emulsion in a sprayer overnight because
a.)of the fire hazard

b.)the emulsion will likely separate out

c.)the insecticide could chemically degrade when left for an extended period

d.)it is prohibited by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act

Resistance
a.)may be physiological or behavioral

b.)is a measurable lessening of an insecticide's effectiveness

c.)occurs frequently in pests with high rates of reproduction

d.)is a population, not an individual response to the presence of insecticides

The ingredients in a finished emulsion are
a.)water

b.)a wettable powder

c.)an emulsifier

d.)oil solvent

Repellents include
a.)4-aminopyridine

b.)d-limonene

c.)picaridin

d.)actamiprid

The way in which active and inert ingredients are prepared for sale to the user

Chemicals in a product that produce the pesticide effect

A detergent-like chemical that aids in suspending one liquid in another

A substance in a pesticide product having no pesticidal action

Pesticides which form poisonous gases when applied

The purest available form of any pesticide

List two advantages of using an insect growth regulator (IGR) over another insecticidal compound.

List the names of three insect growth regulators (IGRs)

Name five (5) factors the pest management professional should consider when choosing the best pesticide formulation for the job.